90°模具室温4道次ECAP变形纯钛的宏观织构演变

采用两通道夹角Φ=90°,外圆角ψ=20°的模具,实现TA1纯钛C方式4道次室温ECAP(Equal Channel Angular Pressing)变形,制备了表面光滑无裂纹的变形试样。研究纯钛室温ECAP变形试样的织构演变特征。结果表明:在ECAP变形初期,基面织构和锥面织构逐渐向P(φ1=45°,φ=0°~90°,φ2=30°)织构旋转,基面织构和锥面织构减少,柱面织构增加,织构的演变是由位错增殖导致微结构变化引起的。在变形后期因晶粒细化,织构演变主要由整个晶粒的旋转来形成剪切织构,基面织构逐渐增加。     

Three Nb single crystals processed by equal-channel angular pressing—Part II: Mesoscopic bands

Three high-purity Nb single crystals with different orientations are deformed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature for one pass. Large misorientation bands (LM-bands) are observed in two single crystals, but with different appearances. An analysis of slip activity is carried out to link the primary slip systems to the observed microstructures. It is found that the LM-bands are parallel to the primary slip systems at the beginning of deformation. Further characterization of the bands shows that their end orientations tend to have a stable configuration with respect to the simple shear plane and the direction. Based on these results and comparison with earlier works, the forming process of the LM-bands during ECAP is proposed.     

纯钼粉末-包套等径角挤压的多尺度研究

采用离散元分析软件PFC-2D对纯钼粉末材料的单道次等径角挤压过程从细观角度进行数值模拟,获得其变形过程中载荷、颗粒和孔隙的变化规律。模拟结果表明,等径角挤压对粉末材料具有强烈的致密化作用,且整个变形过程可以分为4个阶段:颗粒重排、初始变形、过渡变形和稳定变形。分析认为,冲头压力首先使颗粒重排减少大孔隙,之后,由于压力增大使小孔隙闭合,剪切作用使颗粒和孔隙发生变形,结合强大的静水压力使材料致密。在400℃条件下的纯钼粉末黄铜包套单道次挤压实验结果与模拟结果具有较好的一致性,验证了所建离散元模型的可靠性。     

Large-scale manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate extruded from subsize billet by new porthole-equal channel angular processing technique

To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing (ECAP) and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing (P-ECAP), was studied. Extrusion of AL6005A plate used for the bullet train plate was investigated by finite element method. The relevant porthole dies involving ECAP technique in channels were designed. Dimensional changes in the scrap part of the extrudate obtained after extrusion from the P-ECAP die, with different channel angles, were predicted. Effects of the channel angle and extrusion speed on the maximum temperature of the workpiece and other field variables were evaluated. At the channel angle of 160° of P-ECAP dies, the extrudate exhibited the optimal performance and the least amount of extrudate scrap was obtained. The optimal extrusion speed was 3–5 mm/s. Moreover, with the increase in ram speed from 1 to 9 mm/s, the peak extrusion load increased by about 49% and the maximum temperature was increased by about 70 °C. The effective strain exhibited ascending trend in the corner of the ECAP deformation zone. In the solder seam and the side of die bearing of extrudate, the maximum principal stresses were tensile stress.     

Microstructure,Texture Evolution,and Mechanical Properties of ECAP-Processed ZAT522 Magnesium Alloy

In this work,the high-strength Mg-5Zn-2Al-2Sn(ZAT522,in wt%) Mg alloys was obtained at 220℃ and 130℃ by a two-step equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).For each stage,two passes were used.The results showed a remarkable grain refinement after the first stage of ECAP(A2 samples),leading to a fine-grained structure with average size of 1.40 μm.The additional stage(A4 samples) caused further grain refinement to 1.18 μm,and an ultra-fine grain structure(700 nm)appeared in the precipitate-rich region.The grain refinement mechanism for both samples was discussed in detail.To this end,the original extrusion fiber texture evolved into a new strong texture characterized by the base planes tilted toward the ECAP shear plane,with a higher Schmid factor value of 0.34.Compared with the as-extruded alloy,the yield strength of the A2 samples increased from 180 to 245 MPa,which was mainly attributed to the combined effects of grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening.In the case of A4 samples,the dislocation strengthening resulted in a net increase in yield strength to 335 MPa,while the ductility was significantly reduced.     

原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响

室温下,对923 及1023 K退火1 h所得的不同原始晶粒尺寸的工业纯钛进行ECAP变形。通过TEM、EBSD、室温拉伸和显微硬度测试研究原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响。探讨纯钛ECAP变形孪生行为和变形机制。结果表明,退火温度越高,原始晶粒尺寸越大。1道次变形后,1023 K退火纯钛的晶粒细化效果更显著。4道次变形后,923 K退火纯钛的组织更细小均匀。随着变形道次的增加,屈服强度不断增大,1道次变形后增幅最大,约为100%,且原始晶粒尺寸越大,强度增幅越大。纯钛ECAP变形机制包括位错滑移和孪生,原始晶粒尺寸越大,孪晶数量越多。     

等通道转角挤压工艺对TA15合金显微硬度的影响

研究近α钛合金TA15经等通道转角挤压工艺(ECAP)加工后的维氏显微硬度及其变化规律。结果表明:TA15合金经ECAP挤压后,显微硬度显著提高,且合金试样外层硬度略高于芯部。合金的显微硬度与组织畸变程度、位错密度、晶粒尺寸以及相组成等密切相关。相变点以下挤压,挤压温度越低,硬度越高;相变点以上挤压,由于挤压后水冷过程中在β相内产生针状马氏体α′,硬度明显高于相变点以下挤压。模具转角越小,显微硬度越高。随挤压次数增加,硬度先增大后保持基本不变,而挤压路径对硬度的影响与挤压次数、挤压后细化效果密切相关。TA15合金经ECAP后退火,显微硬度明显降低。     

等径角挤压处理后的Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

研究等径角挤压过程中材料的微观组织和织构演变以及对其力学性能的影响。结果表明：挤压4道次后的微观组织是不均匀的,即在此过程中形成了粗晶区和细晶区2个区域。颗粒诱发的再结晶机制导致晶粒细化,在4道次后形成了更加随机的织构。与挤压前的原始材料相比较,经等径角挤压处理的材料虽然强度没有增加,但是塑性有了显著的提高。用织构改变和第二相颗粒解释了合金塑性的变化。     

纯钛粉末室温单道次等径角挤压变形行为

应用Deform-3D V6.1软件,对室温下纯钛的等径角挤压(ECAP)过程进行有限元模拟,研究试样的等效应变分布情况;并采用两通道夹角φ=90°、外圆角ψ=60°的模具,在室温下实现粉末烧结纯钛单道次ECAP变形,研究挤压后试样不同部位的显微组织和性能,以及等径角挤压对粉末烧结纯钛致密化的影响.模拟结果表明:变形主...     

Comparative study of compressive and fatigue strength of dental implants made of nanocrystalline Ti Hard and microcrystalline Ti G4

Over the last decades, much research has been done to improve the surface quality of dental implants, but there was no change in the materials used to manufacture the implants. The purpose of the present work is to compare the compressive strength and fatigue failure of dental implants made with a new material, nanocrystalline Ti grade 4 fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) (Ti Hard) with a traditional material, microcrystalline Ti grade 4 (Ti G4). Machined screw‐shaped implants with three different designs (Easy, Torq and Flash) made with the two materials were subjected to static and dynamic compressive loads. Implants made with Ti Hard showed higher static compressive strength (Easy: 889.9 ± 79.4 N, Flash: 588.9 ± 74.7 N, Torq: 498.3 ± 54.6 N) than implants made with TiG4 (Easy: 776.4 ± 74.5 N, Flash: 308.8 ± 15.2 N, Torq: 410.3 ± 25.2 N) and higher fatigue strength for 5 10⁶ cycles (Easy: 400 N, Flash: 280 N, Torq: 260 N) than implants made with TiG4 (Easy: 300 N, Flash: 200 N, Torq: 200 N). The higher fatigue strength of nanocrystalline Ti G4 is attributed to a delay in crack initiation.