空压机润滑油系统可靠性试验研究

对空压机润滑系统进行分析,提出了一种润滑油压力调节机构,保证了空压机在高油温时油压正常,为空压机运动件提供充分润滑,从而提高空压机运行的可靠性。实验证明了该机构是可靠的,为空压机润滑系统设计提供了参考依据。     

生物氧化预处理中进气量实时预测数学模型研究

精准预测生物氧化预处理中的进气量对提高黄金提取率和节能降耗具有重要意义。以气体管流连续性方程和运动方程为控制方程，采用Preissmann隐格式法作为差分方法。同时，根据集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman filter，EnKF)算法原理，构造进气量、压强的状态空间模型。结果表明，基于气体管流控制方程建立的进气量模型预测结果与实际进气量观测值具有较好的一致性；与传统静态预测方法相比，EnKF同化方法引入实时观测值和模型参数的更新，有效提高了进气量的预测精度，其平均绝对误差、平均相对误差和均方根误差有明显的降低。可见，基于气体管流控制方程建立的预测模型结合EnKF同化方法是提高生物氧化槽进气量预测精度的有效手段。     

In situ efficiency of filters in residential central HVAC systems

High-efficiency filtration in residential forced-air heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems protects equipment and can reduce exposure to particulate matter. Laboratory tests provide a measure of the nominal efficiency, but they may not accurately reflect the in situ efficiency of the filters because of variations in system conditions and changes in filter performance over time. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate the effective filtration efficiency, which is inclusive of any loading and system impacts, in 21 occupied residential homes through in-duct concentration measurements. We considered the role of filter media by testing both electret and non-electret media, as well as the role of loading by considering new and used filters. The results show that filters with higher nominal efficiency generally had higher effective filtration efficiency in the same home. In terms of performance change, there is no significant difference in efficiency between initial and 3-month non-electret filters, but the efficiency of electret filters generally decreased over time. However, both nominal efficiency and performance change were vastly overshadowed by the wide variety in loading and system conditions across homes, making it hard to predict filter efficiency in a given home without in situ measurements.     

Household endotoxin reduction in the Louisa Environmental Intervention Project for rural childhood asthma

Endotoxin exacerbates asthma. We designed the Louisa Environmental Intervention Project (LEIP) and assessed its effectiveness in reducing household endotoxin and improving asthma symptoms in rural Iowa children. Asthmatic school children (N = 104 from 89 homes) of Louisa and Keokuk counties in Iowa (aged 5-14 years) were recruited and block-randomized to receive extensive (education + professional cleaning) or educational interventions. Environmental sampling collection and respiratory survey administration were done at baseline and during three follow-up visits. Mixed-model analyses were used to assess the effect of the intervention on endotoxin levels and asthma symptoms in the main analysis and of endotoxin reduction on asthma symptoms in exploratory analysis. In the extensive intervention group, dust endotoxin load was significantly reduced in post-intervention visits. The extensive compared with the educational intervention was associated with significantly decreased dust endotoxin load in farm homes and less frequent nighttime asthma symptoms. In exploratory analysis, dust endotoxin load reduction from baseline was associated with lower total asthma symptoms score (Odds ratio: 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.92). In conclusion, the LEIP intervention reduced household dust endotoxin and improved asthma symptoms. However, endotoxin reductions were not sustained post-intervention by residents.     

基于空气质量模拟的江苏省大气污染物排放清单比较研究

大气污染物排放清单是空气质量模拟和空气污染治理的重要依据.本研究比较分析了两套覆盖江苏省的2017年大气污染物排放清单，即分别由上海市环境科学研究院、江苏省环境科学研究院编制的"长三角清单"和"江苏省清单"，并结合区域空气质量模型CMAQ评估不同清单对长三角地区2017年1、4、7、10月的空气质量模拟的影响.清单比较结果表明，除二氧化硫（SO₂）以外，江苏省清单估算的各污染物排放量较长三角清单低.通过与观测数据比较，发现两套清单对SO₂、氮氧化物（NO_x）、臭氧（O₃）和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的模型模拟性能均较好.江苏省清单与长三角清单两者的模拟结果空间分布接近，其中江苏省清单模拟的PM_2.5和O₃在长三角多数地区略低于长三角清单的模拟结果（1月O₃除外）.江苏省清单与长三角清单均能够用于空气质量模式模拟，可为江苏地区的细颗粒物和光化学烟雾污染的控制策略制定提供参考.     

燃料电池空气电极的孔道结构调控

燃料电池是将化学能转化成电能的装置，其空气电极催化层的设计，既要包含丰富的、易于接近的反应活性位，也要具备高度连通的电子、质子以及反应物、产物传质通道，因此电极必须具有特定三维几何结构形貌和有序分布的各功能化孔道，确保催化活性位得以充分利用以及反应可以连续进行。针对催化剂孔道的几何结构调控，本文调研了最近报道的一系列研究工作，从模板法、高温相变法、模板/相变复合方法以及基于金属有机框架材料进行孔道设计等四种主要方法出发，综述了该领域的最新研究进展。     

空气炮在解决水泥库出库溜子堵塞中的应用

针对水泥库结块经常堵塞下料溜子的问题,决定在溜子处安装空气炮,将空气炮压缩空气出口稍微上扬,以便于击打堵在下料口的结块。经实际使用,效果良好,改善了生产环境,降低了员工的劳动强度。     

Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from liquid swine wastes: a review

Due to the pollution characteristics of the wastewater generated in piggeries, these waste streams have to be treated before discharging into the environment. These wastes have a high content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus that can be converted or recovered into valuable products. The valuation of swine waste by anaerobic digestion has already been assessed, but no systematic review on the technologies used for recovering nutrients from this waste has been reported to date. Therefore, the present work has the goal of presenting the most studied technologies to different scales of recovery of carbon (i.e. organic matter), nitrogen and phosphorus from swine waste. The main characteristics and parameters of the processes involved in these technologies (mainly air stripping, membrane, enhance biological phosphorus removal and struvite formation) are also highlighted, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages and posing some final feasibility considerations on the subject addressed. Experiments reported in the literature proved that technologies used for nutrient recovery from swine waste are mostly applied to the effluents previously treated by anaerobic digestion as a primary treatment, and greater effort is required for the future implementation of these technologies in large scale. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

车载空调控制器的新型按键旋钮溃缩设计

本文针对乘用车内部凸出物的法规要求对车载空调控制器的旋钮按键溃缩进行了研究和设计，描述了这种新型旋钮按键溃缩设计相对于目前常用的方案在成本、空间、可靠性等方面的优势。根据实际设计结果表明，本文所应用的新型旋钮按键溃缩设计能在成本与空间有限的情况下可靠的满足法规对乘用车内部凸出物的要求，为乘用车内部凸出物溃缩方案提供了新方向，值得我们推广应用。     

Regenerated air cycle potentials in heat pump applications

Air (reversed Brayton) cycle has been utilized in the area of refrigeration and cryogenics for several decades, but its potentials in heat pump applications were longtime underestimated. In this paper, a thermodynamic model for the regenerated air heat pump cycle with practical compressor, expander and regenerated heat exchanger was developed. Based on the model, the relations between the system performance and the operating parameters were analyzed. The optimal heating COP (coefficient of performance) and the corresponding pressure ratio were derived. Then, air heat pump cycles (regenerated cycle and basic cycle) and vapor-compression heat pump cycles (CO₂ trans-critical cycle and R410A subcritical cycle) were numerically compared. The results indicated that the regenerated air heat pump cycle not only gets the heating capacity in line with the heating load under different operating conditions but also achieves higher COP over trans-critical CO₂ heat pump cycle in applications of large temperature difference.