广州市老年人使用空气调节设备状况及对健康影响调查

老人的健康与建筑室内环境存在重要联系，为了给适老建筑的暖通系统优化设计提供理论依据，有必要探究室内空气调节设备与老人健康的关系。对广州市104位本地老年人进行了问卷调查，收集了老年人的基本健康信息和家庭使用空气调节设备的情况，包括制冷、除湿、采暖和空气净化4种设备及其使用时长，使用习惯。收集到的信息用SPSS20.0进行了统计分析。结果包括广州市老年人家中四种设备拥有率、设备平均使用龄、设备使用时间以及常见日均使用时长；所调查的老年人健康比例达到55.8%。患病老人中心血管疾病的比例最高，其余为风湿性疾病和关节炎等疾病。相关性分析表明，广州地区夏天家庭采取制冷措施的老人患病可能性更小；制冷设备常见日均使用时长与身处空调区域时长的比值越大，老人患病的可能性越小。     

Modeling occupant behavior of the manual control of windows in residential buildings

Window opening and closing is the most preferred behavior for occupants to control their indoor environment in homes. This study aims to identify driving forces for window opening and closing behavior in the home. The additional field survey was carried out for the cooling period after following the previous study. The state of windows and environmental variables for outdoor and indoor were continuously monitored in 23 sample homes over one year. The monitored data provide evidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between window opening behavior and outdoor temperature. The behavior of the occupant's manual control of windows can be described by seasonal effects, occupancy, and time of day. Indoor stimuli, such as such as temperature, humidity, and CO₂, can better account for the window opening behavior than can outdoor stimuli. There are clear differences in driving variables between window opening and closing behavior. The closing behavior is better described when the outdoor and indoor variables are combined. Finally, multivariate logistic regression models were developed to predict typical patterns of window opening and closing as a function of indoor and outdoor variables.     

催化共振光散射法测定空气中痕量甲醛的研究

吖啶橙分子聚集体微粒可在513nm波长处出现最大的共振光散射强度(RLS)。在稀硫酸介质中,甲醛能催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶橙的反应,促使其RLS强度减弱。在最佳实验条件下,甲醛质量浓度ρ在0.020～0.25μg/mL的范围内与△I值呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为△I=1113.99ρ+49.23,线性相关系数r为0.9986。本法与国标法进行对照,在置信度等于95%时,用Cochran检验,两种方法间不存在显著性差异,方法操作简单、灵敏度高,用于室内外空气中甲醛测定,结果满意。     

DR环形吹风冷却装置及智能控制系统设计研究

介绍了河北达瑞化纤机械有限公司开发的DR环形吹风冷却装置,该装置能实现自动、精准、快速更换整流筒,打破了原有环吹风装置整流筒从风室顶部安装这一传统模式,利用风室底部安装和风室密封结构改变,采用气缸动力下的自动调节技术,实现了快速更换整流筒。该装置在维修和更换整流筒组件时,无须搬动上压盖,无须拆装若干螺栓,能自动化操作,降低了操作工人劳动强度,缩短了操作时间。开发的DCS智能控制系统,实现了实时智能监测冷却吹风装置的运行状况。     

基于机器视觉的航空铆钉尺寸检测技术

航空铆钉的尺寸偏差会增加航空事故发生的可能性。为了实现航空铆钉尺寸检测的高精度与智能化,提出一种基于机器视觉的航空铆钉尺寸检测方法。通过边缘检测算法对铆钉进行自动识别与检测,可减少航空铆钉尺寸的误差。基于航空铆钉产品规范,分析得出各项尺寸参数要求与事件流程,使用OpenCV作为开发平台,采用阈值分割算法与分水岭算法进行图像分割;同时,通过平滑处理、形态学、轮廓提取算法完成图像处理。实测结果表明,在±0.005mm精度下,铆钉尺寸检测结果与实际值的吻合度达到90%以上。     

Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons

The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality of an indoor swimming pool, analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations in microbiological counts and chemical parameters. The results indicated that yeast and bacteria counts, as well as carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and O₃ concentrations, showed significant diurnal difference. On the other hand, temperature, relative humidity (R.H.), yeast counts and concentrations of CO₂, particles, O₃, toluene, and benzene showed seasonal differences. In addition, the relationship between indoor and outdoor air and the degree of correlation between the different parameters have been calculated, suggesting that CO₂, fine particles and NO_x would have indoor origin due to the human activity and secondary reactions favored by the chemical and environmental conditions of the swimming pool; while O₃, benzene and toluene, would come from outside, mainly. The overall results indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) in the swimming pool building was deficient by the high levels of CO₂ and microorganisms, low temperatures, and high R.H., because frequently the limits established by the legislation were exceeded. This fact could be due to the poor ventilation and the inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning systems.     

基于有限元仿真的发泡硅橡胶老化规律研究

通过力学性能测试得到发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合Ogden(Foam) 3阶超弹本构模型,建立发泡硅橡胶静密封系统的有限元仿真模型,得到大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶的von Mises应力及接触压力分布情况。仿真结果表明:大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶对称中心线位置的von Mises应力、接触压力值较大,在橡胶边缘和靠近限位环处接触应力数值有突增。开展140℃热空气老化试验,测定老化后发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合有限元仿真模型分析发泡硅橡胶老化后von Mises应力、接触压力的变化规律。结果表明:经过热空气老化后,在一定载荷下发泡硅橡胶等效应力和接触压力均呈增大的趋势。     

耐低温露点腐蚀非金属空气预热器的性能及应用

从解决炼油厂加热炉空气预热器的低温露点腐蚀问题出发,分析讨论了耐腐蚀非金属材料(搪瓷、玻璃、氟塑料、石墨及陶瓷等)空气预热器的材料性能、结构形式、传热性能和工业应用效果.分析表明:石墨和陶瓷空气预热器具有优异的耐腐蚀性能和稳定的结构强度,可以在烟气酸露点以下温度安全使用.     

两种体系核空气净化系统性能评价试验方法的融合应用

国内开展核空气净化系统性能评价的行业标准是在参考美国、法国两种体系标准的基础上,结合国内的工程实践经验起草的;实际应用中,一般情况下只是采用单一体系内的试验方法开展性能评价试验;本工作结合应用实践提出,将两种标准体系的试验方法灵活地进行融合应用或互相补充,可更好地适应核设施核空气净化系统的特征,对核设施管理的要求和对人员防护的需要等都是必要的和可行的。     

露天爆破智能设计系统开发及应用

为了提高露天台阶爆破设计的规范化、便捷性，对露天台阶爆破设计系统进行了开发研究。以Visual C++为开发平台，软件采用MFC框架，结合OpenGL三维引擎开发技术，实现软件从底层自主开发生态的建立。通过现场工程实践应用表明爆破设计人员可以轻松通过本系统实现三维环境下的布孔设计和爆破网络设计以及精确的GPS布孔，并取得了良好的爆破效果，提高了台阶爆破的设计质量和设计速度。爆破智能设计系统能够实现矿山爆破设计的数字化、科学化、自动化和高效化，对于露天爆破具有十分重要的意义。