Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposifion,the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity field.Predictions in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental tendency.Linear sweep voltamrnetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient (G).The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA.cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.The morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and atomic force microscopy (AFM).The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has freer grain sizes and denser and smoother surfaces,The roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354.Meanwhile,mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.     

用BP神经网络和遗传算法优化电沉积Cu-W的工艺参数

用神经网络和遗传算法(BP-GA)优化电沉积Cu-W的工艺参数。结果显示:BP-GA预测结果与试验结果较接近,相对误差为9.05%,说明BP-GA优化电沉积工艺参数有较高的预测能力和准确度。     

脉冲频率对Ni-W合金镀层耐蚀性的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法在黄铜基体上制备出Ni-W合金镀层。研究不同脉冲频率(0.5~20.0kHz)对镀层表面形貌、微观结构、硬度及耐蚀性的影响。所有Ni-W合金镀层的表面均致密平整,W的质量分数为42.41%~48.92%。脉冲频率为5.0kHz时制备的Ni-W合金镀层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性最好,自腐蚀电流密度为2.532μA/cm2,自腐蚀电位为-327mV。     

温度对电沉积制备Pt-Ni阴极催化剂性能的影响

采用电化学还原法在碳布上电沉积Pt-Ni合金催化剂作为质子交换膜燃料电池阴极。通过循环伏安线性扫描法确定Pt-Ni合金的沉积电位,并在该电位下考察了不同电解液温度下所得催化剂的物理、化学性质及电催化性能。研究表明:在-0.35 V电位下可得到Pt-Ni合金,不同的电解液温度会影响Pt-Ni合金催化剂结构、形貌及组分比,进而影响其催化性能。当电解液温度为50℃时,Pt-Ni合金催化剂具有最佳的催化活性,此时催化剂为较小的球状颗粒,Pt与Ni的原子比接近3∶1,其电化学活性表面积为44.19 m2/g,是电解液温度为70℃下制备的催化剂的1.8倍。适当的温度下电沉积制得的Pt-Ni合金催化剂明显提高了铂对氧还原的催化活性。     

电沉积方式对 Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法分别采用普通电沉积、旋转阴极电沉积、超声电沉积和超声-旋转阴极电沉积四种方式制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,分析镀层的ZrO2含量和微观形貌,研究镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果普通电沉积镀层的ZrO2含量高,但晶粒粗大,组织不够致密,腐蚀速率高,腐蚀后的微观表面存在很多大的腐蚀坑洞。旋转阴极和超声辅助电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量较低,但晶粒有所细化,耐腐蚀性能提高。超声-旋转阴极电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量最低,但晶粒细化程度最高,组织致密度也最好,腐蚀速率低,表面腐蚀特征不明显。结论超声场和旋转阴极都会影响镀层的组织结构和ZrO2含量,超声波和旋转阴极协同作用下的效果最为显著,制备的纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能最好。     

Microstructure and Properties of Nickel Layers Electrodeposited under Reduced Pressure and Temperature Gradient Conditions

前期研究表明,在5 k Pa恒负压和35℃/65℃温度梯度和无添加剂的条件下,能以高达1 mm/h的沉积速度制备出表面光滑、近无沉积缺陷且多项性能优越的镍镀层。本实验则重点研究负压、温度梯度等条件参数对镍沉积层形貌、织构和性能的影响。研究结果显示:负压和温度梯度大小对沉积层的形貌、织构与硬度、耐腐蚀等性能都有一定程度的影响;只有在贴近阴极面的液层处于沸腾状态时才能获得良好的镍沉积层;增大温度梯度和(或)降低沉积槽气压都有利于细化晶粒、提高硬度和耐酸腐蚀性;温度梯度对镍沉积层的织构特征影响作用明显,但负压大小对镍层的择优取向几乎没有影响。镍沉积层上述形貌、织构与性能的变化主要归结于负压电沉积的沸腾驱动传质效应与真空脱气效应。     

Preparation of Cu-Ni Film Resistors with Low Resistivity and Low TCR

Thin film resistors with low TCR and low electric resistivity were prepared from phosphorus free Cu-Ni alloy obtained by electroless and electrolytic deposition with heat treatment at low temperature.     

Simulation of electrochemical nucleation in the presence of additives under galvanostatic and pulsed plating conditions

Galvanostatic nucleation of copper onto pretreated ruthenium is investigated using experimental methods and numerical simulations in the presence of two different suppressor molecules; polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ethylene glycol-propylene glycol-ethylene glycol block copolymer (EPE). The model parameters have been largely determined from electrochemical characterization. Results suggest that a fast adsorption rate of the suppressor results in higher nucleus densities. Simulation results provide insight why EPE is more effective than PEG at increasing nucleus density. In addition, the simulations are used to predict the impact of pulse plating paramaters, showing that both the properties of the additive and the waveform need to be considered to optimize nucleus density enhancement.     

Development of a novel portable-size PEMFC short stack with electrodeposited Pt hydrogen diffusion anodes

This paper presents, for the first time, a five-cell polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) short stack with electrodeposited hydrogen diffusion anodes. The anodes were manufactured by means of galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition and the cathodes by air-brushing. Nafion^® 212 was employed as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in all cases. The short stack, whose cells had an active geometric area of 14 cm², was assembled and tested under different operating conditions. A peak power of about 11 W was obtained at 50 °C and atmospheric pressure using hydrogen and air feed, whereas a smaller value of 8.6 W was obtained from a five-cell short PEMFC stack with conventional hydrogen diffusion anodes under the same operating conditions. The better performance of the cells described in this paper has been assigned to the higher utilization of the platinum in the electrodeposited anodes compared to the conventional ones.