基于CamShift的目标跟踪算法

CamShift是一种应用颜色信息的跟踪算法,在跟踪过程中,CamShift利用目标的颜色直方图模型得到每帧图像的颜色投影图,并根据上一帧跟踪的结果自适应调整搜索窗口的位置和大小,从而得到当前图像中目标的尺寸和中心位置.在CamShift算法基础上对搜索窗口进行简单运动预测,并增加二次搜索方法,提高跟踪的稳定性.实验结果表明,在图像背景复杂且目标不规则运动的情形下,仍能有效地跟踪到目标.     

Fe基非晶合金的恒导磁性能研究

研究了Fe基非晶合金在不同热处理工艺条件下的恒导磁性能.结果表明,通过简单的横向磁场热处理工艺,可将具有高饱和磁感应强度的Fe基非晶合金制成无间隙的恒导磁磁芯,并且具有良好的综合磁特性.合金在350℃处理时,恒磁范围达到400A/m,磁导率约为3.14×10-3T·m/A,随保温时间的延长,恒磁场范围提高到600A/m以上,但磁导率降低,约为1.25×10-3T@m/A.在晶化温度以下,提高横向磁场热处理温度有利于提高材料的恒导磁性能.     

黑河龙首水电站短期优化调度研究

为了充分发挥黑河龙首水电站的水能利用率，对龙首水电站的短期优化调度进行了研究。通过对5个典型年短期优化调度模型求解结果进行回归分析，获得各月的短期调度规则，对调度规则的验证结果表明相对误差较小，所得到的短期调度规则可以投入实际应用。     

快淬贮氢合金的活化性能与寿命

主要讨论了快淬钛基合金具有良好活化性能及较差循环寿命的机理。研究结果表明:快淬钛基合金电极浸泡在碱液中,合金元素V、Zr、Ti、Mn、Ni以不同速度溶解,其中Ni的溶解速度最慢,使合金电极表面富Ni。富Ni电极表面具有良好的动力学性能,快淬钛基贮氢合金的放电容量急剧衰退与损失大量可吸氢的V、Zr元素密切相关。     

中小型水电站厂内经济运行准实时系统的设计与实现

本文试图根据电网负荷和电站水头的实时变化情况，进行厂内经济运行的优化计算，当厂内经济运行优化计算能够达到一定的速度要求时，即可认为实现了水电站厂内经济运行准实时系统。选择其中型水电站进行厂内经济运行实时系统的模拟实验，结果表明对水电站的4台机组进行实时优化，平均计算时间在0.2秒以内，即实现了厂内经济运行的准实时系统。     

基于声发射技术的热障涂层损伤行为

热障涂层以优异的隔热、耐磨和耐蚀性而被广泛应用于航空涡轮发动机中。由于热障涂层体系内部结构复杂,服役环境苛刻,导致其失效不可预测。热障涂层系统内的表面开裂和界面分层是限制热障涂层长时间使用的瓶颈问题,且热障涂层的过早剥落失效会导致合金基体暴露在高温燃气中,这可能引起灾难性的后果。针对涂层的裂纹扩展行为,最重要也最直接的研究方法就是对热障涂层的整个失效过程进行实时无损检测,为寿命预测提供最直接的证据。声发射技术是一种实时动态的无损检测方法,可直接检测热障涂层失效过程中的裂纹扩展行为,因此在热障涂层失效检测领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,造成热障涂层损伤失效的因素较多,如失效机理复杂、失效形式多样,以及声发射信号本身的随机性和不可逆性,使得利用声发射技术检测热障涂层失效整个过程的研究还不够全面。目前,已通过声发射技术的参数分析和波形分析实现了对热障涂层损伤失效的定性、定量和定位分析,并对涂层寿命进行了预测。参数分析是以多个简化的波形特征参数来表示声发射信号的特征,即对一些特征量进行统计的过程,如能量、频率、幅度等。采用声发射特征参数法可定量评估热障涂层的损伤程度并对涂层的寿命进行预测。目前人们从连续损伤累计、某一特定参量变化等多个角度预测热障涂层的寿命,但是各种寿命预测模型主要是根据实验结果的经验或半经验公式,随着热障涂层的发展以及对热障涂层失效机理认识的不断加深,寿命预测模型也在不断发展与完善。波形分析是通过对声发射信号的时域波形或频谱特征分析来获取缺陷信息的一种信号处理方法。从理论上讲,波形分析应当能给出任何所需的信息,因而波形也是表达声发射源特征最精确的方法,目前主要通过小波变换把声发射波形信号从时域变换到频域,进而识别其损伤模式并实现声发射源的定位。本文对声发射技术进行了简要的介绍,总结了声发射技术参数分析和波形分析在热障涂层损伤模式识别、损伤位置的定位、损伤程度的定量评估和剩余寿命预测方面的研究进展,指出了当前研究中存在的问题并对其下一步的发展进行了展望。     

基于颗粒流的花岗岩微观破坏机制研究

为研究岩石在单轴压缩条件下的微观破坏机制,利用岩石力学试验机进行花岗岩岩样的室内试验,采用颗粒流分析程序编程建立可靠的数值模型,通过分析试件压缩破坏过程的裂纹演化规律、裂纹数特征和能量耗散规律,讨论其微观破坏机制。结果表明,花岗岩岩样内部拉裂纹分布与宏观破坏面较为吻合,在裂隙发展中起着关键作用;峰值强度前,剪裂纹较拉裂纹发育显著,峰值强度后,拉裂纹数剧烈增加,造成岩样承载力的降低;岩样最终失效形式为沿对角形成宏观剪切面破坏,并有少量张拉襞裂破坏。     

Gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of as-quenched nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type alloys

The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg₂Ni-type Mg₂Ni_1?x Co _x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were synthesized by melt quenching technology. The structures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The gaseous hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys was measured using an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The alloy electrodes were charged and discharged with a constant current density in order to investigate the electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. The results demonstrate that the substitution of Co for Ni results in the formation of secondary phases MgCo₂ and Mg instead of altering the major phase Mg₂Ni. No amorphous phase is detected in the as-quenched Cofree alloy, however, a certain amount of amorphous phase is clearly found in the as-quenched alloys substituted by Co. Furthermore, both the rapid quenching and the Co substitution significantly improve the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys, for which the notable increase of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D) along with the limiting current density (I _L ) and the obvious decline of the electrochemical impedance generated by both the Co substitution and the rapid quenching are basically responsible.     

An investigation on electrochemical performances of as-cast and annealed La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six（x = 0-0.2） alloy electrodes for Ni/MH battery application

The La-Mg-Ni-based A2B7-type La0.5Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six （x=0-0.2） electrode alloys were prepared by casting and annealing. The influences of the additional silicon and the annealing treatment on the structure and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systemically. Both of the analyses of XRD and SEM reveal that the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as one minor phase LaNi3. The addition of Si and annealing treatment bring on an evident change in the phase abundances and cell parameters of （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 phase for the alloy without altering its phase structure. The phase abundances decrease from 74.3% （x=0） to 57.8% （x=0.2） for the （La, Mg）2Ni7 phase, and those of LaNi5 phase increase from 20.2% （x~0） to 37.3% （x=0.2）. As for the electrochemical measurements, adding Si and performing annealing treatment have engendered obvious impacts. The cycle stability of the alloys is improved dramatically, being enhanced from 80.3% to 93.7% for the as-annealed （950 ℃） alloys with Si content increasing from 0 to 0.2. However, the discharge capacity is reduced by adding Si, from 399.4 to 345.3 mA.h/g as the Si content increases from 0 to 0.2. Furthermore, such addition makes the electrochemical kinetic properties of the alloy electrodes first increase and then decrease. Also, it is found that the overall electrochemical properties of the alloys first augment and then fall with the annealing temperature rising.