Al-substituted tobermorite: shows cation exchange

It has been found that the tobermorite family--fundamental to cement chemistry can exhibit base exchange behavior. Several Al-substituted tobermorites were synthesized and these 11Å type tobermorites were discovered to have cation exchange as well as selective cation adsorption properties. For example, Al-substituted tobermorite (synthesized from a mixture of clinoptilolite and mortar) has a cation exchange capacity of 56 meq/100g and a selective Cs adsorption K_d of 3400 (ml/g). The cation exchange and selective properties of Al-substituted tobermorite are analogous to those of zeolites because of its rigid structure but unlike those of smectites or vermiculites where the basal spacing varies with the nature of the interlayer cation.     

纳米晶CaO稳定化ZrO2粉体的制备及其烧结

本文采用胶体 超临界流体干燥法合成CaO稳定化ZrO2 纳米粉体 ,并对粉体的烧结性能进行研究。研究结果表明 ,该法合成的粉体具有粒径小、粒径分布范围窄、比表面积大等特点 ;将粉体作为ZrO2 基陶瓷起始粉料 ,具有很高的烧结活性 ,可以有效地降低烧结温度 ,缩短烧结时间。此外 ,粉体中稳定剂的含量会很大程度上影响其性能。     

激光化学反应法制备CaO超精细粉末及激光多相催化1—庚烯异构化的研究

采用激光固相热解反应法，以ＣＷＣＯ２激光作为辐照光源，成功地合成了ＣａＯ超精细粉末。实验结果表明：本法生成的粉末呈球状结构，粒径在２０～５０ｎｍ之间。激光多相催化１－庚烯反应使１－度烯异构化的转化率升高。并且使得顺式的相对含量大于反式的相对含量。     

CaO—SiO2—Na2O三元渣系的挥发率

采用失重法对ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｎａ２Ｏ三元渣系在不同温度下的挥发率进行了测量。结果表明，在烧结温度下，低熔点渣的挥发率呈三段式变化，而高熔点渣无此特性；当修正碱度Ｒ′＞１、成分固定时，只有在温度超过其流动温度时才能显著提高挥发率；温度一定时，挥发率随着碱度Ｒ及Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量的增加而提高；当Ｒ′＜１时，温度、碱度、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３含量对挥发率的影响都不大。     

以DRE系列ICP发射光谱仪测定液碱中的CaO及SiO2含量

介绍以DRE系列ICP发射光谱仪测定液碱中CaO及SiO2含量的方法及其产生过程，验证了该方法的灵敏度和准确性。     

Residual oil cracking combined with hydrogen production by steam-iron reaction

A new residual oil upgrading process has been developed. Residual oils were cracked over an iron oxide catalyst with simultaneous generation of hydrogen. The newly-developed iron oxide catalyst containing CaO and Cr₂O₃ was found to be a good catalyst for this process because it exhibited stable activity in the steam-iron reaction in the laboratory experiment and also in a large scale pilot plant. Effects of these foreign oxides on redox cycles were investigated. The catalyst was designed so as to maintain the stoichiometric balance between the reduction of magnetite and the oxidation of wustite by adding CaO and Cr₂O₃.     

Cao—SiO2—CaF2三元渣系的挥发率

通过质量损失法对ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＣａＦ２三元渣系挥发率与温度、渣组成的关系进行了研究。结果表明：在渣完全熔化之前有一临界温度，其值大小因渣而异，即酸性渣具有低温临界点；碱性渣具有高温临界点；中性渣则两个临界点均存在；当渣的碱度过高（Ｒ≥１．４）或ＣａＦ２含量减少（≤１０％）时，这两个临界点均不存在。临界温度对渣的挥发率有明显影响；在渣完全熔化之后，挥发率将随碱度的降低及ＣａＦ２含量的增加而提高。     

A Comprehensive Study on Gasification of Petroleum Wastes Based on a Mathematical Model

Gasification is a thermochemical process that produces useful and environmentally friendly by-products. Here the effects of various parameters such as equivalence ratio, pressure, and steam gasifying on the gasification process of waste lubricant oil are investigated based on Gibbs free energy minimization approach. The model is validated by reported data and found to be in good agreement. Various gasification performance parameters such as cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, gasification temperature, pressure, and heating value of produced gas were determined based on a parametric study. The use of CaO catalyst has also been investigated for the production of hydrogen-rich gas with in situ CO₂ capture in steam gasification of waste oil. The results indicate that an appropriate steam/fuel ratio and more catalyst are favorable for getting a higher H₂ ratio and a lower CO₂ output.     

钢渣引起水泥体积安定性问题的探讨

应用X射线衍射分析、差热-热重分析、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散仪观察分析等手段,研究转炉钢渣中MgO,f-CaO相和RO相的微观结构特征、水化特点和膨胀规律.结果表明:转炉钢渣中MgO与FeO,MnO形成MgO基连续固溶体RO相,化学式为MgO.1.20FeO.0.05MnO.0.03CaO,压蒸条件下稳定.MgO固溶FeO和MnO会使其水化活性下降,当FeO/MgO摩尔比和MnO/MgO摩尔比分别为1︰1和0.5︰1时,RO相是稳定相.钢渣对水泥安定性的不良影响是由其f-CaO相水化反应造成的.钢渣中f-CaO相固溶0.15mol FeO,晶粒大,晶胞参数小,分布均匀,标准沸煮法检验只有46.2%(质量分数)水化消解,即使沸煮8h也只有70.8%(质量分数)水化消解.钢渣水泥安定性应采用压蒸法检验.钢渣水泥20℃水养护条件下快速膨胀2个月、慢速膨胀约15个月,膨胀缓和、周期长,有补偿大体积混凝土温度应力的作用.     

CaO/MgO摩尔比对太阳能电池封装玻璃性能的影响

利用普通Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃体系,通过调整CaO/MgO摩尔比,针对太阳能电池用封装玻璃组分的性能,研究了不同CaO/MgO摩尔比对玻璃软化温度、转变温度、膨胀系数及高低温黏度的影响规律,探讨了不同CaO/MgO摩尔比值对玻璃力学性能的影响。