地铁衬砌混凝土管片防温裂试验研究及有限元分析

本文针对某地铁衬砌管片生产养护过程中出现的裂缝,分析原因是从蒸养机具里取出到入水池养护,暴露在空气中导致温度应力过大产生裂缝,为此设计了简便易行的温控防裂解决方案,对原有的直接放入与室外温度一致的水池养护进行了改进,既可以满足湿度要求,又可以减小温度应力。为确定传热过程制作了同种混凝土试决,用类似防裂措施进行了温控试验,并用有限元方法数值模拟了试块试验的三维瞬态溫度场,与实测部分点的温度进行了对比,效果吻合较好,验证了有限元计算确定传热简化过程的准确性,可以用来计算不同室温条件下相应的控制水温。这种防裂方法简便易行、改进了生产工艺,对于地铁运营安全有极大意义。     

High-throughput optimization and fabrication of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3-based artificially tilted multilayer thermoelectric devices

Artificially tilted multilayer thermoelectric devices (ATMTDs) have attracted growing attention due to their ease in miniaturization and high flexibility in device design. However, most of these devices are inefficient due to the lack of effective strategy to optimize their material matching and geometrical configurations. Herein, a high-throughput optimization approach is employed to screen high-performance Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3-based ATMTDs from a material genome database covering 230 kinds of candidates. 14 kinds of ATMTDs are found to have ZT_zx,max values exceeding 0.3 and tilt angles greater than 15°. Bi_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃/Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 ATMTD is screened out and fabricated because of its excellent transverse figure of merit, large tilt angle, and good interface compatibility. Consequently, transverse figure of merit over 0.3, thermal sensitivity greater than 0.11 mV·K^?1, and power density up to 1.1 kW·m^?2 are recorded in Bi_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃/Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 ATMTD. This indicates that ATMTDs have great potential for application in the fields of temperature detection and power generation.     

Activated sludge deflocculation under temperature upshifts from 30 to 45 degrees C

Twelve independent batch experiments (<9h) with fresh municipal activated sludge were conducted to assess the occurrence and the mechanisms of deflocculation under a temperature shift from 30 to 45 degrees C. In each experiment, a transient reactor (2 L) was subjected to the temperature shift and a control reactor was operated at a constant temperature of 30 degrees C. The occurrence of deflocculation was demonstrated by the increase in turbidity and in the concentrations of biopolymers in the sludge supernatant from the transient reactor. The maximum levels of proteins in the supernatants ranged from 53 to 81 mg/L, for DNA from 34 to 36 mg/L, for humic compounds from 20 to 40 mg/L, and for carbohydrates from 21 to 31 mg/L. All the biopolymer concentrations in the control reactor remained below 5-10 mg/L. The release of biopolymers was accompanied by an increase in sludge supernatant conductivity (16-32% increase, up to 1.20 mS/cm), soluble chemical oxygen demand (from 129 to 440 mg/L), total suspended solids (>25 mg/L up to 128 mg/L), and a decrease in the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (up to 11%). The temperature shift was also found to inhibit microbial metabolism by reducing the sludge biomass substrate removal capacity, as measured by oxygen-uptake rates. The temperature shift had a marginal effect causing sludge lysis (as an increase in beta-galactosidase activity) and had no significant impact on sludge viability (live/dead ratio of bacterial cells). It was concluded that sludge deflocculation under a temperature shift from 30 to 45 degrees C involves the solubilisation of extracellular polymeric substances from the flocs and likely also floc fragmentation. In addition, sludge deflocculation and the inhibition of microbial metabolism explain the poor treatment performance observed in previous continuous reactors under similar temperature shifts.     

Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the solubilization of heavy metals from contaminated river sediment by sulfur oxidizing bacteria taken from Ell-Ren River sediment. Of three temperatures tested (25 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 55 degrees C), pH decrease was greatest at 37 degrees C, indicating that, after acclimation, bacterial oxidizing activity is greatest at this temperature. At 55 degrees C, pH change was similar to that which occurred with no inoculum added. The increase in sulfates and high pH at 55 degrees C indicate that the indirect mechanism was not initiated at this temperature. Solubilization efficiency of total extractable Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr was high (>90%) at 37 degrees C, whilst that of Pb was only 60.4%. Except for Pb, the optimal temperature for solubilization of total extractable heavy metal was 37 degrees C. The order of average solubilization efficiency of total extractable heavy metals was Ni, Zn, Cu>Cr>Co, Pb. The solubilization efficiency of Pb and Co was markedly less than that of other heavy metals. Transfer of heavy metals between binding fractions was most apparent at 55 degrees C before and after bioleaching.     

Universal design charts for insulation of steel members in fire

Charts for insulation design of steel members in fire are usually provided by the manufacturers of the specified fire protection materials. These design charts may not be readily available, particularly for fire protection materials which may not have proprietary rights. This paper describes the development of a set of universal charts for the insulation design of steel members in fire for a wide range of fire protection materials of known physical and thermal properties. The main advantage of using these charts for insulation design is that they apply to all types of fire protection material without referring to the manufacturers’ design charts. In addition, high density fire protection materials, such as concrete, for steel members have also been included in these universal design charts.     

基于FDS及PDC方法的油纸绝缘水分含量研究

分别采用频域介电谱法和极化去极化电流法对不同温度和水分的油浸纸介电性能和电导率进行了研究,依据Arrhenius公式得到了电导率自然对数lnγ与绝对温度的倒数1/T线性分布关系式。     

绕组热点温升分布的光纤测量试验研究

采用光纤测温试验方法,在一台S-12000/110变压器的高、低压绕组中,测量了绕组的热点温升,并对比了热点温升计算值,得出了试验结论。     

旋转刀具工件切削热测量热电偶无线测温系统

把热电偶从高速旋转刀具上采集到的热电势信号传输到静态测温设备一直是个难题,为此采用以下两种方法来达到这一目的。一种叫信号暂存法,该方法把热电偶采集到的热电势信号暂时存储在随铣刀一起旋转的热电势采集卡中,等一次切削结束后,再通过有线的方法传输到静态测温设备。这种方法优点是信号传输稳定,缺点是采集到的信号不能适时显示;另一种方法是热电偶无线传输,这一方法通过无线的方式把信号适时传输到测温系统的PC机,并把热电势信号转换为温度值,实现切削温度的适时显示。制造了两套测温系统,并通过实验验证热电势无线传输的稳定性。     

两种不同材料的电主轴磁-热耦合有限元仿真分析

电主轴热态稳定性影响电主轴整体工作性能,作为电主轴主要热源的内置电机对电主轴热态性能的影响是设计过程中优先考虑的问题之一。电主轴生热小,散热快是保证其优良热态性能的前提。基于电主轴电磁损耗生热机制和电主轴传热散热机制,建立电主轴有限元模型。提出一种电主轴磁-热耦合分析方法,分析电主轴额定转速下内置电机的磁场和温度场,监测电主轴内置电机各部分温度场以及瞬态温度。以170SD30陶瓷电主轴与金属电主轴作为分析对象,分析了采用新型陶瓷主轴材料对改善电主轴内置电机温度场分布的影响。结果表明:陶瓷电主轴电磁损耗小于金属电主轴电磁损耗,在电机损耗热的影响下,陶瓷电主轴温度低于金属电主轴温度。     

基于Abaqus的正交切削仿真的有限元分析

介绍了正交切削仿真中的应力场和温度场的分布,利用非线性分析软件ABAQUS,通过Johnson-cook热-力耦合的方法模拟微细切削铝合金A2024-T351的温度场和应力场。经过分析得出在对工件进行微细切削时存在尺度效应的背吃刀量区间为0.5R~R(R为刀具切削刃钝圆半径),并得到了工件在微细切削中的温度场和应力场分布,仿真结果对微细加工过程中的切削参数的选择及研究方法提供了参考。