新型双污泥脱氮除磷工艺处理生活污水

将活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合，开发出一种新型脱氮除磷处理工艺，成功地解决了传统工艺中硝化细菌与除磷菌之间的泥龄矛盾问题。试验结果表明，该工艺对COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别高达85％、95％、90％，同时处理效果稳定，对水质的适应能力也较强。     

Bioleaching of metals from sewage sludge: Microorganisms and growth kinetics

Microbial leaching is one of the advantageous methods of removing heavy metals from sewage sludge, however, the microbiological aspects of this technology have not been studied. This study presents the characterization of the naturally occurring microorganisms, responsible for the metal leaching activity, in 21 different sewage sludges. The results obtained indicate that the bioleaching of metals is carried out by successive growth of less-acidophilic and acidophilic thiobacilli. Several species of less-acidophilic thiobacilli participate in the sludge acidification, but Thiobacillus thioparus is the most important species. In contrast, Thiobacillus thiooxidans seems to be the only species involved in the acidophilic group of thiobacilli. The growth kinetics of the two groups of thiobaciili was followed in five different sewage sludges. After 5 days of incubation in shake flasks, the pH of the sludge was decreased to about 2.0 and this pH decrease solubilized the toxic metals (Cd: 83–90%; Cr: 19–41%; Cu: 69–92%; Mn: 88–99%; Ni: 77–88%; Pb: 10–54%; Zn: 88–97%). The maximum specific growth rate (μ_max) for the less-acidophilic thiobacilli varied between 0.079 and 0.104 h⁻¹ and that for the acidophilic thiobacilli varied between 0.067 and 0.079 h⁻¹.     

Biological sulphate removal in an upflow packed bed reactor

Mine waters and industrial effluents with high sulphate concentrations create a disposal problem in terms of excess mineralization of surface waters. Removal of sulphate can be achieved by various processes including biological techniques, all of which involve appreciable costs. The purpose of this investigation was to improve on known biological methods for the removal of sulphate. Good sulphate removal was obtained by providing anaerobic conditions on a solid medium and maintaining a low hydrogen sulphide concentration by recirculating the water through a photosynthetic reactor for sulphur production.     

PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN A SPOUTED-BED REACTOR

The use of sewage sludge as the fuel for fluidised-bed gasifiers, which form part of combined heat and power systems, has been studied in an EU funded project. A laboratory-scale spouted-bed reactor was used to investigate the pyrolysis and gasification behaviour of a suite of sewage sludges in the temperature range 770–980°C and pressures between 0.2 and 0.4 MPa. High solids conversions were measured, on a dry ash-free basis, which were consistent with the high volatile-matter content of the sludge-based fuels. It seems that most of the fuel was pyrolysed and converted to gas and condensable tars/oils. The proportion of hydrogen which was formed increased with the gasifier temperature and with the char bed height in the reactor, and this was consistent with an increase in the extent of cracking of the tars/oils. The nitrogen content of the sewage sludge was high, and this led to high ammonia concentrations in the fuel gas. Operating at the higher end of the temperature range tended to decrease the amount of ammonia in the fuel gas.     

多点交替进水五箱一体式工艺污泥回流比研究

介绍了多点交替进水五箱一体式工艺的流程与特点，研究了不同污泥回流比下反应器对氮、磷的去除效果。结果表明，在运行周期为16h、污泥回流比为55％的条件下，反应器对COD、BOD5、NH4^＋-N、TN、TP的去除率分别达到78％、84％、86％、70％、89％。此外，建立了反应池内污泥浓度的分布模型，并计算得出不同回流比下污泥浓度的变化规律，通过对计算值与试验检测结果的比较，提出了后期工艺的改进方向。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的土地利用

概述了城市污水处理厂污泥土地利用的两种方式 :农用及园林绿化 .提出污泥的土地利用是解决污泥处置问题的有效途径     

Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge

Laboratory experiments on the activated sludge (AS) process were carried out to investigate the influence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), on biomass flocculation, sludge settlement and dewaterability. The heat EPS extraction method was modified to include a mild step and a harsh step for extracting the LB-EPS and TB-EPS, respectively, from the sludge suspension. Six lab-scale AS reactors were used to grow AS with different carbon sources of glucose and sodium acetate, and different sludge retention times (SRTs) of 5, 10 and 20 days. The variation in the bioreactor condition produced sludge with different abundances of EPS and different flocculation and separation characteristics. The sludge that was fed on glucose had more EPS than the sludge that was fed on acetate. For any of the feeding substrates, the sludge had a nearly consistent TB-EPS value regardless of the SRT, and an LB-EPS content that decreased with the SRT. The acetate-fed sludge performed better than the glucose-fed sludge in terms of bioflocculation, sludge sedimentation and compression, and sludge dewaterability. The sludge flocculation and separation improved considerably as the SRT lengthened. The results demonstrate that the LB-EPS had a negative effect on bioflocculation and sludge-water separation. The parameters for the performance of sludge-water separation were much more closely correlated with the amount of LB-EPS than with the amount of TB-EPS. It is argued that although EPS is essential to sludge floc formation, excessive EPS in the form of LB-EPS could weaken cell attachment and the floc structure, resulting in poor bioflocculation, greater cell erosion and retarded sludge-water separation.     

UBF处理抗生素废水运行稳定性的影响因素分析

厌氧复合床（UBF）反应器作为甲烷化反应设备处理抗生素混合废水,在pH值为4.7～6.3的酸性条件下可稳定运行,无需投加碱性物质;高有机悬浮物的连续冲击会导致污泥沉降性能变差,甚至出现污泥膨胀,部分颗粒污泥和絮状污泥随出水流失,对系统稳定性有较大影响;UBF反应器的布水器安装要确保平整,并定期排泥,三相分离器的排气管和气室要采用柔性连接,避免因震动导致气室内的气体泄漏,影响处理效果.     

剩余污泥强化一级处理抗生素废水

以二级生物处理过程中产生的剩余污泥为絮凝剂强化一级处理抗生素废水。结果表明，在泥水比为1：2．5的条件下，对COD的去除率可达30％左右，对SS的去除率可达90％以上；剩余污泥对废水的pH值有较好的调节能力，并降低了废水对生物的毒性抑制作用，为后续生物处理提供了良好的基质准备。同时，强化一级处理所产污泥的浓缩及脱水性能均较好。     

利用正交试验设计法对污泥脱水性能的研究

影响污泥脱水性能的因素多而复杂，正交试验设计方法可以简便、有效地解决各因素对污泥脱水性能影响达到最佳组合，为生产提供可靠的运行参数．