接种蚯蚓堆肥处理压滤污泥的试验研究

选取上海桃浦污水处理厂的压滤污泥，采用不接种及接种赤子爱胜蚓（俗称红蚯蚓）两种方法对其进行模拟堆肥处理，通过检测pH值、挥发性固体、水溶性氮和C／N等理化参数以及毒性浸出浓度随时间的变化，系统地研究了利用蚯蚓堆肥处理污泥的可行性，并探讨了堆肥的机制。结果表明，接种赤子爱胜蚓后污泥的堆肥过程进行得比较顺利，经处理后污泥的pH值趋于中性，挥发性固体的含量降至44．10％，水溶性氮的含量增至18．34mg／kg，C／N值达2．56；Pb、Fe、Cr、Cd及Cu等5种金属的浸出毒性明显减小。     

聚丙烯酰胺预处理自来水厂污泥

合理选用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)并确定其最佳投量可降低自来水厂污泥处理费用，为此选用具有代表性的阳离子和阴离子两种类型PAM预处理自来水厂的污泥。研究结果表明：投加两种类型的PAM均可显著改善污泥的脱水性能，但阴离子型PAM的投量较低；根据毛细吸水时间(CST)变化得到的PAM最佳投量与测定比阻得到的最佳PAM投量一致，故可用CST替代比阻检测污泥的脱水性能；测定离心液和滤液粘度也是确定PAM最佳投量的一种快速、可靠的方法，也可用于PAM投量的在线控制。     

骨架构建法进行污泥固化处理的试验研究

针对目前采用水泥固化处理污泥中存在的水泥用量大、强度低问题,提出采用废弃淤泥构建污泥骨架进行固化处理的思路。试验结果表明,添加淤泥后污泥固化强度得到了明显提高,能够满足填埋或资源化利用对强度的要求,并实现了以废治废的目标。为了获得最优的固化方案,建立了污泥固化处理的多目标优化设计模型,通过该模型可获得最优的水泥和淤泥掺入量。     

污泥处理处置的认识误区与控制对策

根据我国污泥处理处置的现状，亟需解决管理体制、市场机制、标准体系、技术政策等方面的问题。提出了我国应在政策上明确污泥处理处置的直接承担主体是污水处理企业，政府高效监管是有效解决污泥处理处置问题的关键，同时尽快解决系统规划。现有的相关标准缺乏系统性、科学性，技术政策基本空白，应建立污泥处理处置的评估体系，制定有关建设和运行的保障性鼓励措施，包括财税政策的倾斜，促进污泥处理处置的市场化发展。     

Evaluation and modeling of benzalkonium chloride inhibition and biodegradation in activated sludge

The inhibitory effect and biodegradation of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a mixture of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides with different alkyl chain lengths, was investigated at a concentration range from 5 to 20 mg/L and different biomass concentrations in an activated sludge system. A solution containing glucose and mineral salts was used as the wastewater in all the assays performed. The inhibition of respiratory enzymes was identified as the mode of action of BAC as a result of oxygen uptake rate analysis performed at BAC concentrations ranging between 5 and 70 mg/L. The glucose degradation in the activated sludge at different BAC and biomass concentrations was well-described with Monod kinetics with competitive inhibition. The half-saturation inhibition constant (K_I) which is equivalent to EC₅₀ of BAC for the activated sludge tested ranged between 0.12 and 3.60 mg/L. The high K_I values were recorded at low BAC-to-biomass ratios, i.e. less than 10 mg BAC/g VSS, at which BAC was almost totally adsorbed to biomass and not bioavailable. BAC degradation started as soon as glucose was totally consumed. Although BAC was almost totally adsorbed on the biomass, it was degraded completely. Therefore, BAC degradation was modeled using two-phase biodegradation kinetics developed in this study. This model involves rapid partitioning of BAC to biomass and consecutive degradation in both aqueous and solid phases. The aqueous phase BAC degradation rate was twenty times, on average, higher than the solid phase degradation rate. The specific aqueous (k_I1) and solid (k_I2) phase BAC utilization rate constants were 1.25 and 0.31 mg BAC/g VSS h, respectively. The findings of this study would help to understand the reason of extensive distribution of quaternary ammonium compounds in wastewater treatment plant effluents and in natural water systems although QACs are biodegradable, and develop strategies to avoid their release and accumulation in the environment.     

无机调理剂对污泥建材化的影响研究

研究了氯化铁、硫酸铝、氯化铝等无机低分子调理剂和GD-112有机高分子调理剂对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,合理应用无机低分子调理剂可以达到与有机高分子调理剂相近的调理效果且不会增加调理成本.对于污泥的建材化利用来说,无机低分子调理剂在满足脱水工艺要求的基础上,可以调节污泥成分,并适当降低污泥的有机物含量,使之更符合污泥建材化的要求.     

复合膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

通过对投加填料的膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性进行了系统的研究 ,研究结果表明投加填料的膜生物反应器的上清液及系统出水COD浓度低于不加填料的 ;反应器稳定运行后膜的通透性随运行时间的延长而缓慢下降 ,且较投加填料前明显增大 ;反应器中 ,附着相和悬浮相污泥共存 ,并以附着生长的微生物为主 ,悬浮污泥浓度低可以有效的减缓膜过滤阻力的上升和膜的堵塞 .维持反应器内总污泥浓度较高的条件下 ,使随混合液进入膜分离的悬浮污泥量保持很低 ,减少了其对膜的通透能力的影响 .     

城市污水处理过程中壬基酚的迁移转化途径研究

采用GC—Ms法对北京市某污水处理厂各处理单元的壬基酚（NP）分布状况进行了检测，探讨了城市污水处理过程中壬基酚的迁移转化途径。结果表明，城市污水处理厂进水NP平均浓度为19．26μg／L，出水NP平均浓度为4．57μg／L。由于泥区回流液中NP浓度较高，导致NP浓度随水处理流程有先升高后降低的趋势，沉砂池出水NP浓度最高，为进水浓度的1．5倍。在污水处理流程中，除原水外，泥区回流液是NP的一个重要来源；NP的迁出与去除途径包括：初沉池生污泥和二沉池活性污泥的吸附作用，曝气池内的生物降解作用以及随处理出水的排放。     

CAST工艺的低温活性污泥培养与调试运行

以长春市双阳污水处理厂为例,介绍了CAST工艺在冬季低温条件下活性污泥培养与调试运行的控制方法.针对运行管理过程中存在的问题,提出了有效的解决措施.     

Biodegradation potential of bulking agents used in sludge bio-drying and their contribution to bio-generated heat

Straw and sawdust are commonly used bulking agents in sludge composting or bio-drying. It is important to determine if they contribute to the biodegradable volatile solids pool. A sludge bio-drying process was performed in this study using straw, sawdust and their combination as the bulking agents. The results revealed that straw has substantial biodegradation potential in the aerobic process and sawdust has poor capacity to be degraded. The temperature profile and bio-drying efficiency were highest in the trial that straw was added, as indicated by a moisture removal ratio and VS loss ratio of 62.3 and 31.0%, respectively. In separate aerobic incubation tests, straw obtained the highest oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of 2.14 and 4.75 mg O₂ g⁻¹VS h⁻¹ at 35 °C and 50 °C, respectively, while the highest OUR values of sludge were 12.1 and 5.68 mg O₂ g⁻¹VS h⁻¹ at 35 °C and 50 °C and those of sawdust were 0.286 and 0.332 mg O₂ g⁻¹VS h⁻¹, respectively. The distribution of biochemical fractions revealed that soluble fractions in hot water and hot neutral detergent were the main substrates directly attacked by microorganisms, which accounted for the initial OUR peak. The cellulose-like fraction in straw was transformed to soluble fractions, resulting in an increased duration of aerobic respiration. Based on the potential VS degradation rate, no bio-generated heat was contributed by sawdust, while that contribution by straw was about 41.7% and the ratio of sludge/straw was 5:1 (w/w, wet basis).