马氏体不锈钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的耐腐蚀性以及应用

目的 研究在440A马氏体不锈钢表面沉积Cr2N涂层,以提高其耐腐蚀性的可行性。方法 采用包埋法并在1100 ℃下保温4 h后炉冷,得到表面涂覆Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢。利用SEM、EDS、XRD研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织,利用极化曲线初步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性,分别在室温和60 ℃下的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中进行全浸泡水浴腐蚀实验,进一步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性。结果 在30Cr2N- 2NH4Cl-68Al2O3渗剂中经1100 ℃保温4 h后,可在不锈钢表面形成致密的Cr2N涂层,涂层组织为Cr2N层（约17 μm）和富Cr沉积层（约19 μm）。表面Cr2N涂层光滑且致密,无裂纹和针孔等缺陷。在模拟PEMFC酸性环境的腐蚀液中（0.05 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–）,不锈钢原样、不锈钢涂层样品的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.623 V和3274 μA/cm2、-0.212 V和0.0362 μA/cm2。在水浴腐蚀实验中,不锈钢涂层样品在室温0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经12 000 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而原样则以0.007 g/h的失重速率溶解;不锈钢涂层样品在60 ℃的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经800 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而不锈钢原样以0.252 g/h的失重速率快速溶解。结论 表面沉积Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢相对于原样其耐腐蚀性能明显 提高。     

三靶共溅射纳米复合Cr-Al-Si-N涂层的 制备及摩擦学性能研究

目的 利用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术离化率高、溅射离子能量高等优点,在Cr-Al-N涂层中添加Si元素研制a-Si3N4包裹nc-(Cr,Al)N的纳米复合涂层,通过改变反应沉积时的N2/Ar比来调控涂层成分与结构,实现纳米复合Cr-Al-Si-N涂层性能优化。方法 采用高功率脉冲与脉冲直流复合磁控溅射技术制备Cr-Al-Si-N涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、应力仪、纳米压痕仪、划痕测试仪和摩擦试验机,研究N2/Ar比对涂层成分、结构、力学性能以及摩擦学行为的影响。结果 涂层主要由面心立方结构的CrN与AlN相组成,且沿(200)晶面择优生长。当N2/Ar流量比为3∶1时,涂层与基体结合最好,临界载荷约为36.5 N;摩擦系数和内应力较低,分别为0.5和-0.48 GPa。当N2/Ar流量比为4∶1时,H/E值和H3/E*2值升至最高,分别为0.11和0.24 GPa,磨损率最低,约为1.9×10-4 μm3/(N?μm)。结论 当N2/Ar流量比为4∶1时,三靶共溅射制备的Cr-Al-Si-N涂层硬度较高,耐磨性能最好。     

Characterization of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the Brazilian Amazon floodplain

The diversity of the free-living nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial community in the floodplain sediments along the Solimões and Amazon Rivers and some of their tributaries (Japurá, Negro and Madeira) was investigated. Five cyanobacterial genera were morphologically identified, four of which (Nostoc, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum and Fischerella) have not previously been isolated from the Brazilian Amazon floodplain. Nostoc strains were the most commonly found heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. Five strains (N. muscorum CENA18 and CENA61, N. piscinale CENA21, Cylindrospermum sp. CENA33 and Fischerella sp. CENA19) were selected for growth measurement, ability to fix N₂ and phylogenetic analysis, based on their widespread distribution and morphological distinction. Molecular analyses employing 16S rRNA sequences indicated that some of the isolates may represent novel cyanobacterial species. Dinitrogen fixed by these strains was measured indirectly as acetylene reduction activity and ranged from 11.5 to 22.2 nmol C₂H₄ μg Chl a⁻¹ h⁻¹. These results provide evidence of widespread and importance of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria as a source of N inputs in the Amazonian ecosystem.     

Fatigue design of welded very thin-walled SHS-to-plate joints under in-plane bending

The existing fatigue design S–N curve for SHS-to-plate T-joints under in-plane bending is given in the Canadian Standard, CAN/CSA-S16.1-M89, in terms of the classification method. That S–N curve is however based on the class of longitudinally loaded plates with welded non-load carrying attachments, which are different from the SHS-to-plate T-joints. The increased use of welded thin-walled (t<4 mm) tubular joints in the road transport and agricultural industry for applications such as lighting poles, traffic sign supports, truck trailers, swing ploughs, haymakers and linkage graders, means that there is a need to develop fatigue design curves for tubular joints where the tube wall thickness is less than 4 mm. This paper aims to determine fatigue design curves for SHS-to-plate T-joints where the thin-walled tubes have a thickness of less than 4 mm. Tube-to-plate T-joints, made up by welding a square hollow section tube to a plate, are tested under fatigue loading. Constant stress-amplitude cyclic loading is applied to these connections as in-plane bending load. Stress concentration factors (SCFs) have been determined from strain distributions obtained using strain gauge measurements. Analysis of the fatigue test data using least squares method is carried out to determine the design curves of the tube-to-plate T-joints under in-plane bending, for both the classification method and the hot spot stress method. A class of 44 is recommended for the classification method. An S_r._hs–N curve is proposed, with a recommended SCF of 2.0 for the hot spot stress method.     

间歇曝气脱氮系统的影响因素研究

通过观察间歇曝气生物脱氮系统在不同水温、C/N值下的脱氮效率以及好氧/缺氧一周期内的硝化和反硝化过程,分析了温度和缺氧期C/N值对硝化和反硝化速度的影响,探讨了冬季所需外加碳源量。试验结果表明,秋、冬季提高缺氧期C/N值是保障间歇曝气脱氮系统运行效率的有效措施;在TN负荷为0.034kg/(kgMLVSS·d),水温为15℃时最适C/N值为7,10℃时最适C/N值为9。为了降低冬季运行费用,有必要寻找廉价的外碳源。     

低溶氧下低C/N值生活污水的同步硝化反硝化

采用改良的Orbal氧化沟中试系统处理低C／N值生活污水，考察了溶解氧浓度对同步硝化反硝化（SND）的影响。结果表明，当外沟溶解氧浓度为0．3mg／L时，约有29．97mg／L的总氮在氧化沟的外沟通过SND去除，外沟对COD的实际去除量为9．03mg／L，外沟的SND主要是利用微生物内贮有机碳源或生物吸附碳源进行的。控制氧化沟的外、中、内沟溶解氧浓度分别为0．3、0．5和2．0mg／L时，系统的SND率和总氮去除率最高。在优化的溶解氧条件下，系统对总氮的平均去除率和平均SND率分别为66．0％和42．6％，分别比优化前提高了13．8％和24．3％。     

标贯N值的归一化及与相对密度的关系

本文在介绍标贯Ｎ值归一化研究结果的基础上，对国内外研究结果进行分析后，提出了用归一化标贯Ｎ值估算正常固结砂性土相对密度的方法，可供实际应用及继续研究时参考。     

低碳、高氮磷城市污水的化学辅助除磷研究

对于低碳、高氮磷的城市污水，可采用生物脱氮并辅助化学除磷的工艺进行处理，以使氮、磷同时达到排放标准。选择聚合硅酸铁作为混凝剂并将其直接投加到生物反应器中，结果表明，当投加量为12mg／L（以Fe计）时出水中的TP〈0．5mg／L，达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）的一级A标准。所投加的聚合硅酸铁与进水中TP的物质的量之比同出水TP之间具有很好的相关性，因而在进、出水TP浓度一定的情况下。可据此确定混凝剂的投量。投加了混凝剂后，污泥絮体变得更密实，沉降性能良好。     

废轮胎媒介-A2/O工艺的脱氮性能研究

将废轮胎切碎后与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)及沸石按一定比例混合制成一种辅助媒介,并添加至A2/O工艺的好氧段,考察了对脱氮效果的影响.试验结果表明,投加该媒介后可在好氧段内产生大量的微缺氧区,当维持污泥浓度为3～4 g/L、DO为1.6～2.4 mg/L以及进水C/N值为9～11、pH值为7.7～8.1的条件下,取得了较好的同步硝化反硝化效果,使脱氮能力提高了约13%.     

液相色谱法测定水中痕量N,N-二甲基苯胺

提出了N，N-二甲基苯胺（DMA）的液相色谱检测新方法，考察了流动相、DMA浓度等因素对分析方法的影响。结果表明，选择固定波长为254nm，在流动相乙腈：水为85：15（体积比）时，该方法的平均加标回收率为89．96％，检出限为0．98 μg／L，测定结果不受DMA浓度及其他干扰物的影响，具有应用普遍性，可用于水源水和饮用水中DMA的检测。