Causes and reasons in attribution theory: A conceptual critique.

Argues that although the terms cause and reason have both appeared in the attribution theory literature, they have not been adequately distinguished from each other. With the aid of some recent ideas from the philosophy of mind on the cause–reason distinction, a conceptual critique is undertaken of the way these terms have been used by attribution theorists. Two topics are considered: (a) E. E. Jones and R. E. Nisbett's (1972) ideas on actor–observer differences in causal attributions and (b) A. W. Kruglanski's (1975) criticisms of the internal–external distinction and his own endogenous–exogenous reformulation. The conceptual critique ends in a taxonomy of attributions and a plea for greater precision in the use of the terms cause and reason in this area. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高校教师职业倦怠的归因分析

目前,高校教师的职业倦怠现象十分普遍,它的存在对教师自身、教学效果和整个社会都产生了负面影响,本文从教师个人、学校、社会3个层面分析了高校教师产生职业倦怠原因,希望引起社会各方面对高校教师职业倦怠现象的关注.     

企业家利他行为模式研究——基于对宁波企业的调研

浙江企业家由利己向利他转变,从“功利文化”向“责任文化”发展的重要意义在现代社会中逐渐显现出来。基于对宁波企业家利他行为调研发现,企业家利他行为存在稳定的动力模式和人格模式,企业家的利他行为受到他们价值观、道德判断等内在特质的影响,利他行为带有宁波区域文化特征。     

论公益性地质调查成果的知识产权归属

目前我国立法对地质调查成果的权利归属并未作出专门规定,实践中权属具有模糊性,阻碍了成果的社会化服务进程。地质调查成果属于智力成果、无形资产,根据立法法的原则,应优先适用科技进步法以及知识产权法。从科技进步法和知识产权法的相关规定可以看出,除了法律明确规定的情形以外,知识产权的权利归属很大程度上取决于双方的约定。具体约定的方式,应当根据地调成果的来源、类别以及利用方式上的差别作出选择。     

从效用评估到过程测度：生态系统服务流研究进展

生态系统服务供给和需求的不均衡性与空间异质性往往难以表征,而生态系统服务流研究可以有效表征生态系统服务“供给—流动—需求”的级联结构与水平过程。首先,在厘清相关概念内涵的基础上,从生态系统服务流的空间特征和尺度效应方面分析其基本特征;其次,从生态系统服务流的影响因素和权衡协同关系方面厘清其流动过程,从生物物理、经济效益和社会文化视角梳理生态系统服务流的评估方法;最后,从供需-流动和情景模拟2个层面总结生态系统服务流的空间制图方法、模型等,发现服务路径属性网络模型对生态系统服务流的动态量化和路径模拟是今后重要的研究方向。生态系统服务流研究经历了从生态系统服务供需的效用评估到流动全过程测度模拟的转变,对生态系统服务流传导机制的理解逐渐深入的同时,生态系统服务流空间的精确识别及优化提升在风景园林规划设计中也得到广泛应用。     

Children's use of the temporal dimension of gaze for inferring preference.

This study examined 4- and 5-year-olds' ability to spontaneously use the relative duration and frequency of another's object-directed gaze for inferring that person's preference. In Experiment 1, analysis revealed a strong age effect for judgment accuracy, which could not be accounted for by cue-monitoring proficiency. Reducing the saliency of the objects in Experiment 2 yielded significant improvement in the younger children's performance. Thus, at 4 years, children already show signs of attending to the temporal dimension of gaze for making mentalistic inferences of preferential liking, but their competence may be undermined by the object choices themselves. By 5 years, they appear to overcome this competition. The obtained developmental difference is discussed in terms of concurrent transitions in attention regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

岩性油藏配套解释技术

大多数岩性油藏均具有复杂、隐蔽的特点。岩性油藏的解释不能仅靠任何一种单项技术，而必须利用配套解释技术。本文认为配套解释技术应当包括：①利用高分辨率地震地层学技术研究沉积体系、建立地层格架，确定有利目标区；②利用多元地震标定技术确定有利目标层系；③利用地震相干体技术及断层封堵技术确定目标层位；④利用测井约束反演技术确定有利钻探目标点。牛庄洼陷王541井区的实际应用表明，应用这套解释技术是行之有效的。     

A Stylometric Analysis of Craquelure

This paper describes the formal representation and analysis of a visual structure –craquelure (an accidental feature of paintings).Various statistical methods demonstrate a relationship between a formal representation of craquelure and art-historical categories of paintings. The results of this work provide confirmation of connoisseurial claims regarding craquelure as a broad indicator of authorship. The techniques employed in this study are; repertory grid, hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Causal attributions in posttraumatic stress disorder: Implications for clinical research and practice.

In this paper we seek to illuminate connections among basic research findings in cognition and causal inference, clinical research on the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the practices of clinicians who work with trauma survivors. We examine one particular (and, we believe, important) aspect of PTSD: The creation and maintenance of causal attributions about trauma. We suggest that elements of two principal theories of causal induction (the connectionist model and the "Power PC" causal power model) clarify the role of causal attributions in creating and sustaining the symptoms of PTSD. By exploring the role of causal attributions in creating and sustaining posttraumatic symptoms, we hope to understand better the subjective experience of trauma and its sequelae. We then suggest new directions for clinical research on cognitive restructuring in PTSD patients as well as ideas for optimizing attribution-based therapies for trauma survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A novel view of between-categories contrast and within-category assimilation.

This research manipulated the portion of a category distribution that is misclassified by the optimal classifier and investigated the impact on assessments of category attributes. Three separate studies manipulated the direction of overlap, the extent of overlap, and the relative base rate of the comparison category. All 3 studies produced large between-categories contrast and within-category assimilation. As expected, these effects were enhanced in conditions in which the optimal classifier misclassified a larger portion of the target category. Study 4 demonstrated that intercategory overlap in the absence of overt classification does not produce contrast and assimilation. Ironically, optimizing categorization accuracy can produce highly inaccurate beliefs about category attributes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)