Nitro derivatives of PEEK‐WC

Nitrated poly(oxa‐p‐phenylene‐3,3‐phthalido‐p‐phenylene‐oxa‐p‐phenylene‐ oxy‐phenylene) (PEEK‐WC) with various average degrees of substitution was obtained by reaction with several nitrating agents. By working under controlled reaction conditions, little degradation of the parent polymer is observed. The nitro derivatives of PEEK‐WC show a high thermal stability, and are able to form membranes by means of phase inversion technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1037–1045, 2001     

Reforming of olive mill wastewater through a Pd-membrane reactor

This work investigates the exploitation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) for producing hydrogen in a membrane reformer.     

Synthesis and performances of bio-sourced nanostructured carbon membranes elaborated by hydrothermal conversion of beer industry wastes

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of beer wastes (Almaza Brewery) yields a biochar and homogeneous carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs have been used to prepare carbon membrane on commercial alumina support. Water filtration experiments evidenced the quasi-dense behavior of the membrane with no measurable water flux below an applied nitrogen pressure of 6 bar. Gas permeation tests were conducted and gave remarkable results, namely (1) the existence of a limit temperature of utilization of the membrane, which was below 100°C in our experimental conditions, (2) an evolution of the microstructure of the carbon membrane with the operating temperature that yielded to improved performances in gas separation, (3) the temperature-dependent gas permeance should follow a Knudsen diffusion mechanism, and (4) He permeance was increasing with the applied pressure, whereas N₂ and CO₂ permeances remained stable in the same conditions. These results yielded an enhancement of both the He/N₂ and He/CO₂ permselectivities with the applied pressure. These promising results made biomass-sourced HTC-processed carbon membranes encouraging candidates as ultralow-cost and sustainable membranes for gas separation applications.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备RDX/SiO2传爆药薄膜技术研究

通过在二氧化硅(SiO_2)溶胶向凝胶转变过程中,依次加入黑索今(RDX)的丙酮-N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)混合溶液和氟橡胶(FPM_(2602))的乙酸乙酯溶液,采用提拉法和手工旋转涂抹法制备了白色半透明状质量分数为80%的RDX/SiO_2传爆药薄膜.结果表明,当正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和乙醇摩尔比为1:4时,随醇水摩尔比的适当减小,膜的韧性降低并且成膜后RDX粒径变小;溶胶在60℃陈化时,随陈化时间增加,溶胶粘度由3 Pa-s增至凝胶点时的13 Pa·s,此时涂膜,所得薄膜表面平整.扫描电镜表明,在薄膜内部,300～500 nm的球状SiO_2黏附在RDX表面,形成3～5μm且星块状的RDX/SiO:复合膜单元,是一种新型的膜状传爆药.     

离子交换膜处理电镀废水

本文针对电镀行业废水处理中存在的问题，提出了将离子交换膜应用于离子交换洗脱液的分离处理。并对各室对应物的浓度以及电流效率与时间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明，将该工艺应用于分离处理离子交换换洗脱液，无论是从环境治理角度，还是经济效益方面分析都是一种可行的方法之一。     

Degumming of crude soybean oil by ultrafiltration using polymeric membranes

In this study, the ability of two ultrafiltration polymeric membranes to perform the degumming of a crude soybean oil/hexane mixture is tested. The performance of both membranes is defined in terms of their permeation flux, permeate color, and rejection of phospholipids. One of the membranes was synthesized in our laboratories from polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF); the other one is a commercially available membrane made of polyimide. The degumming experiments were done in a stirred dead-end ultrafiltration cell pressurized with N₂. Results show that tested membranes are suitable for removing phospholipids from the crude oil/hexane miscella in the range of temperature and transmembrane pressure utilized in this work. Both membranes have high selectivity regarding phospholipids and produce a moderate reduction in permeate color. The PVDF membrane gives permeate fluxes up to threefold larger than those obtained with polyimide membrane at the same operational conditions, making the former more suitable for use at industrial scale.     

Synthesis and air separation of soluble terpolymers from Aniline,Toluidine, and Xylidine

A series of terpolymers were synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline, o-toluidine, and 2,3-xylidine with three monomer ratios using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in two acidic media. The yield and intrinsic viscosity of the terpolymers were studied by changing the polymerization temperature and medium. The resulting terpolymers were characterized by ¹H–NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and constant pressure-variable volume methods. The results showed that the terpolymers are amorphous and exhibit enhanced solubility, high thermostability, and high char yield, greater than 35 wt % at 900°C in nitrogen. A blend membrane of the terpolymer with ethyl cellulose shows good air-separation ability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 790–798, 2001     

Characterization of glow‐discharge–treated cellulose acetate membrane surfaces for single‐layer enzyme electrode studies

Cellulose acetate membranes (CA) were modified by means of plasma polymerization of ethylene diamine (EDA) and n‐butylamine (n‐BA). The motivation for this work was the application of a modified membrane for the single‐layer enzyme electrode. A tubular reactor with the external radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) excitation was used. Surface modification was performed at 5, 10, and 15 W power (at 27 Pa working pressure) for 5, 10, 15 min. Modified surfaces were characterized in detail by FTIR–ATR, XPS (ESCA), contact angle, and enzyme immobilization activity. The best treatment results were obtained for EDA with 5 W and 30 min and 15 W and 10 min. These results are discussed using surface analysis data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1341–1352, 2001