GH2907合金热变形行为及热加工图

通过热模拟压缩实验研究了GH2907合金在变形温度为950~1100℃、应变速率为0.01~10s_^-1、变形量为60%条件下的热变形行为,流变应力随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低而显著降低；根据Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomon参数,计算了热变形激活能Q,建立了GH2907合金的热变形本构方程；根据动态材料模型,确定了GH2907合金在不同应变下的功率耗散图,功率耗散效率η较高的区域位于温度为1050~1100℃,应变速率为0.01~0.03s_^-1范围,在该变形区域内组织发生了明显的动态再结晶现象；基于Preased失稳判据,绘制了GH2907合金在不同应变下的热加工图,流变失稳区位于高温高应变速率区域,即温度为970~1100℃,应变速率为0.6~10s_^-1范围,在该变形区域内动态再结晶晶粒沿着绝热剪切带和局部流动分布。根据GH2907合金热加工图及微观组织分析得到适宜的加工区域是温度为1050~1100℃,应变速率为0.01~0.03s_^-1范围。     

新型高强度易加工Cu-FeC复合材料的变形行为

采用真空感应熔炼和快速凝固技术制备了界面复合良好,组织性能优异的新型Cu-FeC复合材料,并通过OM、SEM、TEM、XRD以及力学性能测试分别对熔铸态、奥氏体化后的淬火态及其冷轧态复合材料的组织和变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,熔铸态材料内共存有γ-Fe、α-Fe和马氏体相,而经820℃,4 min奥氏体化和淬火处理后,基体内初生Fe-C相可转化为马氏体相,同时析出大量纳米级γ-Fe相粒子;前者在冷轧过程中表现出较好的协调变形性能,而后者会在粗大Fe-C马氏体相内部或附近产生微裂纹;不过两者冷轧变形后的强度均能获得大幅提升,最高抗拉强度达515 MPa,而延伸率又明显高于已报道具有类似强度陶瓷粒子强化铜基复合材料的延伸率,且拉伸过程均表现出明显的塑性变形特征;此外,本研究根据复合材料组织演化规律提出了相应的组织演化模型图。     

基于MPI和灰色关联异型出风罩注塑参数优化

针对某异型出风罩注塑成型工艺,以聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)工程塑料合金为填料,运用Moldflow软件对其注塑过程进行模流分析,通过田口实验设计研究了熔体温度、保压时间、保压压力、注射时间和模具温度对塑件收缩率和翘曲变形量的影响,得到它们对塑件收缩率的影响次序为:保压时间>熔体温度>保压压力>注射时间>模具温度,对翘曲变形量的影响次序为:保压压力>注射时间>熔体温度>保压时间>模具温度。基于灰色关联分析,获得了最优组合工艺参数,即:熔体温度280℃、模具温度为65℃、注塑时间2.1 s、保压时间11 s、保压压力21 MPa。优化后的仿真结果表明,塑件的体积收缩率为6.523%、翘曲变形量为0.80 mm,比灰色关联次序中位组合的样本数据分别降低6.9%和15.8%,并获得最大注射压力为20.34 MPa、最大锁模力为3.25×10^5 N,为后期模具的设计和注塑参数设定提供了有力的参考,缩短了模具开发周期。     

Effect of Long-Term Thermal Exposures on Tensile Behaviors of K416B Nickel-Based Superalloy

The effect of long-term thermal exposure on the tensile behavior of a high W content nickel-based superalloy K416B was investigated. The microstructure and the deformation characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the phase transformation of the alloy during long-term thermal exposure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns and differential thermal analysis. Results showed that after thermal exposure at 1000 °C, the MC carbides in the K416B alloy decomposed into M₆C. During tensile deformation, dislocations slipping in γ matrix crossed over the M₆C by Orowan bowing mechanism. With the increase of thermal exposure time, the secondary M₆C reduced greatly the yield strength of the alloy at room temperature. Meanwhile, the continuous distribution of the secondary M₆C with great brittleness in the grain boundary could become the main source of crack, which might change the fracture characteristic of the alloy from trans-granular to intergranular.     

Analysis of Soft Fibers with Kinematic Constraints and Cross-Links by Finite Deformation Beam Theory

This paper presents a hybrid analytical–computational mechanics formulation for an arbitrarily curved Timoshenko beam undergoing planar finite deformation and subjected to kinematic constraints in the form of fixed displacement and cross-linking. On the basis of an analytical reduction of the governing equations, the system reduced to a single nonlinear differential equation coupled with integral equations associated with translational constraints. An effective numerical formulation of the problem with general distributed and pointwise constraints is shown to be possible by using a simple finite-element procedure. To illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method, several examples are introduced to study both stable and bifurcation problems and a system of interacting fibers with different types of cross-link constraints. Because of the reduction of discretization error and the dimension of the matrix system, the proposed formulation is likely to be an attractive computational platform for modeling large-scale multifiber problems, as in fibrous microstructure simulations and other applications.     

The deformation of saturated soft porous materials: 1-Addressing the determination of the activation energy for a global effective transfer of fluid through the contact zones during multimode shear/compression

Although not univocally determined by the compressibility and the pore pressure dissipation pattern of the constituents of the materials under deformation, one has for long used the coefficient of compression to compare and predict the behavior of soft saturated materials under compression.Once this coefficient is clearly understood and treated as being a parameter, which cannot be considered independent of rate, time and temperature, for example, one can extract valuable tendencies and eventually control the expression progress based on effective stress to hydraulic pressure ratio.Furthermore, axial and radial drainage situations can be related using such a coefficient, therewith enhancing the prediction of the related solid–liquid separation processes with an emphasis on the influence of the rate of deformation.Based on several examples the present study outlined the above in a way that opens new areas of investigation of the compression of saturated porous materials originated mostly from biological and mineral sources.     

Synergistic energy absorption in the axial crush response of filled circular cell honeycombs

In the present investigation, the axial static crush response of circular cell, filled honeycombs is studied. Polycarbonate honeycombs with circular cells are used as the base material. Polyurethane, a soft elastomer is used as the filler material. Filled 3-cell, 7-cell and 19-cell honeycombs were subjected to uniaxial, quasi-static, out-of-plane compressive loading. The experimental results show a synergistic energy absorption event, leading to an amplification of crush energy absorption in the filled honeycombs due to a change in the deformation mode (in comparison against unfilled honeycombs). Moreover, it is seen that the initial failure is a stable collapse unlike the abrupt first failure seen in unfilled honeycombs. An explicit finite element solver is used to quantitatively understand the experimental results, thus validating its usefulness as an engineering design tool.     

Comparison between incremental deformation theory and flow rule to simulate sheet-metal forming processes

Numerical simulation of the deep drawing process for the manufacture of aeronautical or automotive components should predict with good accuracy the behaviour during the forming operation, taking into account, the material and the process parameters. Existing simulation strategies give good results, however calculation time are long due to the high degree of non-linearities of these problems. The objective of this work is therefore to decrease the calculation time, resulting from the non-linear material behaviour. A new algorithm based on incremental deformation theory (related to Hencky Theory) is presented, in order to compute the plasticity rule in a finite element code (ABAQUS). This algorithm is used to simulate two sheet-metal forming processes: typical stretch forming operation and incremental single point sheet forming. For each case the new algorithm is compared with a classical flow rule plasticity law. In order to have a valid comparison in terms of CPU time, the two material behaviour laws have been implemented in ABAQUS EXPLICIT using the material user function (VUMAT). Good agreement in terms of the stress state and thickness distribution is obtained with the new approach. A significant decrease in CPU time is observed when the major source of non-linearity comes from the material behaviour.     

标准平椭圆管孔型的系数设计法

根据标准平椭圆管各部位间的尺寸存在着固定系数关系和替代关系,通过一定数学变换,推导出一种针对标准平椭圆管孔型的系数设计方法;获得了对所有标准平椭圆管孔型都适用的各道次变形系数λi,并且直接利用系数λi与标准平椭圆管管头曲率半径R之间的关系,设计标准平椭圆管各道孔型各部位变形尺寸。该方法既简化了孔型设计程序,又提高了设计效率。