单平行四杆柔性铰链机构的输出位移和耦合误差分析

本文建立了单平行四杆柔性铰链机构的输出位移和耦合误差的公式，并用有限元法分析在其主要参数对输出位移和耦合误差的不同影响，指出耦合误差的存在对纳米级工作台的定位精度和分辨率有较大的影响。     

恒温轧制微细化AZ91D板材的超塑性及其各向异性

镁合金由于质轻、性能良好等特点而具有广阔的开发与应用潜力.本文综合评述了日本目前对恒温轧制微细化AZ91D板材的超塑性及其各向异性的研究情况.简介了其试验材料和方法以及得出的主要结论.     

三自由度平面全柔顺并联机构运动学分析

针对传统方法求解全柔顺并联机构Jacobian矩阵存在奇异性的缺陷,基于三自由度平面全柔顺并联机构的伪刚体模型,提出一种微位移法来求解机构的Jacobian矩阵。先建立机构的伪刚体模型,并采用传统方法和微位移法得到机构的输入输出Jacobian矩阵;通过HyperMesh软件仿真和实验测试分别得到机构动平台中心点位移的仿真值和实验值。最后,将两种方法得到的理论值分别与仿真值、实验值进行对比。对比结果表明:与传统法相比,微位移法的计算精度较高,误差较小,且验证了Jacobian矩阵的有效性,为全柔顺并联机构的运动特性分析提供了参考。     

SLOW PROPAGATION OF FATIGUE CRACK NEAR THRESHOLD

The effect of pearlite interlamellar spacing(d)from 0.31 to 0.77 μm of T8 steel on fatiguecrack propagation near threshold has been investigated at different stress ratios(R).Theclosure stress intensity factor(K_(cl)),the threshold value(ΔK_(th))and crack tip opening dis-placement range(ΔCOD)were measured.The results show that pearlite interlamellar spac-ing in this range has no effect on K_(cl),but has effect on the threshold value in low stress ratio.The threshold value is higher for materials with larger interlamellar spacing.No matter whatthe stress ratio is,during the propagation near threshold,the propagation rate will be thesame,provieded the crack tip opening displacement range is the same.Metallurgical examinations were also carried out to show that the crack propagationpath is sensitive to mierostructure.The crack always propagates along either boundary ofpearlite colony or ferrite lamellar in pearlite.     

Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analyses of circumferential through-wall cracks between elbows and pipes

The present work proposes a method for elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis of the circumferential through-wall crack in weldment joining elbows and attached straight pipes, subject to in-plane bending. Heterogeneous nature of weldment is not explicitly considered and thus, the proposed method assumes cracks in homogeneous materials. Based on small strain finite element limit analyses using elastic-perfectly plastic materials, closed-form limit loads for circumferential through-wall cracks between elbows and straight pipes under bending are given. Then applicability of the reference stress-based method to approximately estimate J and crack opening displacement (COD) is evaluated. It was found that the limit moments for circumferential cracks between elbows and attached straight pipes can be much lower than those for cracks in straight pipes, particularly for a crack length of less than 30% of the circumference; this result is of great interest in practical cases. This result implies that, if one assumes that the crack locates in the straight pipe, limit moments could be overestimated significantly, and accordingly, reference stress-based J and COD could be significantly overestimated. For the leak-before-break analysis, accurate J and COD estimation equations based on the reference stress approach are proposed.     

Identification of Specimen Position and Orientation Using Standard Deviation of Intensity in Phase‐Shifting Digital Holography1

Abstract: Phase‐shifting digital holography is a useful method to measure the displacement distribution and the strain distribution of an object surface. The complex amplitude distribution of an object surface is obtained as the complex amplitude distribution at a reconstruction distance. It is, however, difficult to measure the reconstruction distance by actual measurement. We discovered that the standard deviation of the intensity on the reconstructed image becomes the maximum value when the reconstruction distance is the same as the actual optical path length. The displacement distributions are obtained for the x‐, y‐ and z‐directions. When the normal direction of an object surface inclines from the z‐direction, the displacements defined on the xyz‐coordinate system should be transformed into the object coordinate system. It is, therefore, required to develop a measurement method of the orientation of the object to obtain the parameters for transforming from the xyz‐coordinate system into the object coordinate system. In this paper, the method to identify the position and the orientation of a specimen using the standard deviation of the intensity distribution is proposed.     

小掠角下波束折射声场的数值计算

文章针对小掠角下的波束折射声场进行了数值计算,一般将远场的有指向性的球面波视为平面波束,除截取3dB带宽外不再考虑指向性问题,此处,对折射声场进行了更为准确地计算,给出了理论推导和数值计算的结果,并与相关试验进行了定性对比。通过研究,考虑指向性的球面波束（这也是实际情况）的声中心会在折射之前在界面上发声水平位移。同时,指向性对折射声场也有不小的影响。最后,对相关问题提出了建议。     

考虑位移的土压力理论在支护桩受力分析中的应用

针对支护桩所受土反力与土体位移呈非线性关系的问题,通过引入梅国雄提出的考虑位移的土压力计算方法,将计算方法中的土压力代换单桩挠曲四阶微分方程中的土反力,得到一个四阶变系数非齐次非线性常微分方程;然后根据支护桩位于基坑底面上、下所处受力状态的差异和桩顶的初值条件,采用泰勒级数解法求出支护桩任意深度处的挠度解析解;再根据桩体的挠度计算出桩周土体的位移量,并得到桩周土反力的计算式;由此便可计算桩身任意深度以及该深度截面上任意点处的受力情况,使得问题的求解更简捷。最后还给出了计算实例来验证所采用的方法以及所推导出的公式的正确性。     

箱梁的剪力滞效应分析

在变分法薄壁箱梁剪力滞基本微分方程的基础上,提出了一种与现有普通梁单元配合使用的分析箱梁剪力滞效应的有限元方法,导出了剪力滞单元系数矩阵和广义荷载列阵计算公式。针对变分法分析剪力滞问题的特点,给出了按照剪力滞广义平衡与变形协调条件进行结构系统分析、组集结构总剪力滞系数矩阵的方法。分析了连续梁和悬臂梁这两种不同结构类型、不同边界支承条件的箱梁在不同荷载条件下的剪力滞效应,并与变分法解析结果作了对比,验证了该文方法的广泛适用性和可靠性。     

建筑结构控制爆破拆除的力学分析与应用

应用运动学、动力学理论建立建(构)筑物控爆坍落过程的力学模型,进而研究在非定常约束条件下坍落结构的力学特征。首次提出了采用延时起爆技术时,非自由质点系及其广义坐标应是建立在每一段位上的瞬间虚位移。在此基础上,分析求解运动过程中时控单元的质点自由度,为精确选定爆破部位及时序提供了设计理论和计算依据。同时,结合振动理论,将控爆时差、结构载荷分布调制为振动系统,形成坍落结构梁板单元的强迫振动,充分实现在运动中进一步解体、破碎其自身结构,并形成具有明显缓冲效果的下落过程。应用实践结果证明力学分析是正确的,为工程结构爆破拆除计算机辅助设计及动态模拟技术的有效应用奠定了基础。