余甘子圣女果复合饮料发酵工艺及对运动耐力的影响

以余甘子提取液和圣女果汁为原料,通过乳酸菌发酵制得具有抗疲劳作用的余甘子圣女果复合发酵饮料。基于单因素实验结果,采用响应面分析法优化该复合发酵饮料的制备工艺,同时利用动物实验考察其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为:乳酸菌接种量0.6%、余甘子提取液与圣女果汁的体积比1:3、发酵温度45 ℃、发酵时间29.8 h,感官得分88.2分,所得饮料色泽均一、风味独特、酸甜适宜,静置未有明显分层。三种剂量（10、20、30 mL/kg·d）的复合发酵饮料均能显著延长小鼠的爬杆时间（P<0.05）,提高其体内肝、肌糖原的储备,降低运动后血清中乳酸与尿素氮的浓度水平。余甘子圣女果复合发酵饮料有助于提高机体的运动耐力。     

液体深层发酵法制备灵芝苹果保健醋的工艺研究

研究了以苹果、灵芝为主要原料，采用液体深层发酵技术，经酒精发酵，醋酸发酵制备灵芝苹果保健醋的工艺条件，并探讨了酵母菌种，醋酸菌种的驯化培养和醋酸发酵条件的优化。     

Changes in Volatile Compounds of Chinese Luzhou‐Flavor Liquor during the Fermentation and Distillation Process

The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic of volatile compounds in the Zaopei during the fermentation and distillation process by headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GCMS). Physicochemical properties analysis of Zaopei (fermented grains [FG], fermented grains mixed with sorghum [FGS], streamed grains [SG], and streamed grains mixed with Daqu [SGD]) showed distinct changes. A total number of 66 volatile compounds in the Zaopei were identified, in which butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl lactate, ethyl octanoate, hexyl hexanoate, ethyl hydrocinnamate, ethyl oleate, ethyl hexadecanoate, and ethyl linoleate were considered to be the dominant compounds due to their high concentrations. FG had the highest volatile compounds (112.43 mg/kg), which significantly decreased by 17.05% in the FGS, 67.12% in the SG, and 73.75% in the SGD. Furthermore, about 61.49% of volatile compounds of FGS were evaporated into raw liquor, whereas head, heart, and tail liquor accounted for 29.84%, 39.49%, and 30.67%, respectively. Each volatile class generally presented a decreasing trend, except for furans. Especially, the percentage of esters was 55.51% to 67.41% in the Zaopei, and reached 92.60% to 97.67% in the raw liquor. Principal component analysis based ordination of volatile compounds data segregated FGS and SGD samples. In addition, radar diagrams of the odor activity values suggested that intense flavor of fruit was weakened most from FG to SGD.     

Fungal pretreatment of wheat straw: Effects on the biodegradability of cell walls,structural polysaccharides,lignin and phenolic acids by rumen microorganisms

Disappearance of cell wall components of untreated straw and straw treated with the ligninolytic white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Dichomitus squalens and Cyathus stercoreus were determined during the course of rumen digestion of samples in nylon bags. The first fungus degraded hemicelluloses and cellulose non-selectively, adversely affecting the digestion rate of crude cell walls. Dichomitus squalens and C. stercoreus preferentially degraded hemicelluloses and lignin, affording cell wall degradation rates 1.5 times higher than in native straw. Furthermore, the extent of cell wall digestion was also significantly enhanced. Both strains improved the extent of cellulose digestion, whereas the potentially degradable xylan fraction remained unchanged. Polysaccharide digestion rates were influenced in different ways depending on the strain tested: straw degraded by C. stercoreus showed an increase in cellulose digestion rate by 50%, whereas residual arabinose units were slowly degraded. Xylan was degraded 1.8 times faster in straw decayed' by D. squalens, while cellulose digestion remained unchanged. Phanerochaete chrysosporium depressed both xylan and cellulose digestion rates. Fungal-treated lignins were solubilised in the rumen faster than in untreated straw, whereas only treatment by C. stercoreus resulted in higher lignin losses. Esterified phenolic acids were extensively degraded by all three fungi. Residual ferulic and p-coumaric acids accumulated during rumen digestion, although only the former decreased in the original straw.     

绿豆发酵制品及其功能活性研究

主要介绍了绿豆的品质特点和绿豆发酵过程中微生物菌种类型的变化,以及主要的绿豆发酵食品及发酵绿豆的功能性质,对目前生产加工过程中存在的问题进行分析,并提出了解决建议。     

生物工程学和发酵技术

生物工程是应用生物有机体,生物系统或生物过程来制造工业产品的学科。生物工程在应用微生物方面有很悠久的历史。例如酿酒,发酵乳制品奶酪、酸乳等。目前又在发酵罐设计,发酵工艺,酶技术及遗传工程方面具有令人振奋的进展。生物工程学着重微生物学,生物化学和化学工程的结合,并直接付之实用。本综述主要介绍生物工程中几个同发酵有关的内容,即:微生物技术、酶技术及发酵枝术。     

THE RESPONSE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE TO FERMENTATION UNDER CARBON DIOXIDE PRESSURE

When laboratory fermenters containing 4 litres of wort were maintained under a variety of conditions at an excess pressure of 2 atm of carbon dioxide throughout fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCYC 1108), the fermentation rate, yeast growth and final concentration of fusel oils all decreased and the final pH increased. This agrees with reported work on the effect of carbon dioxide pressure on fermentation by S. carlsbergensis. The effect of carbon dioxide pressure on the production and removal of vicinal diketones and their precursors by S. carlsbergensis is known to be variable but except at very low temperatures, pressure has either no effect or increases the rate of removal of these compounds in the final stages of fermentation. In the present experiments with a strain of C. cerevisiae, however, carbon dioxide pressure always led to the fresh beer having a higher lever of vicinal diketones and their precursors than the control fermentation, even at temperatures up to 20°C.     

曲房加湿的数值模拟及试验

传统曲房通过人工开关门窗和向曲房内撒水的方法来调节曲房内相对湿度,受自然环境的影响,很难保证不同位置大曲质量等级一致。需要掌握曲房内加湿装置对曲块发酵过程中湿度调控的变化规律,实现曲房内相对湿度的实时调控。基于曲房三维紊流模型,以曲房加湿过程中的相对湿度为研究对象,结合多孔介质模型及组分传输模型,运用Fluent软件对曲房加湿过程进行数值模拟,同时结合现有曲房加湿试验平台对曲房模拟模型进行验证。加湿过程中相对湿度模拟值和试验值最大偏差为1.1%,加湿时间仅相差6.5 s,验证曲房加湿模型的有效性。通过试验研究加湿管道直径、开孔数和开孔尺寸对曲房加湿效果的影响,使用单因素和正交试验法筛选出加湿装置参数的最优组合。结果表明：当管道直径为80 mm、开孔数为6、开孔直径为30 mm,曲房加湿效果最好,与优化前的加湿装置相比,优化控制参数后的加湿装置的加湿时间缩短了6.6%,为后续曲房湿度控制研究提供了模型参考和理论数据支撑。     

产胞外多糖泰山羊肚菌液体培养条件的优化

对泰山羊肚菌产胞外多糖 (exopolysaccharides,EPS)的液体培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化 ,最适碳源是葡萄糖 ,最适氮源是NH4NO3 。正交试验确定最佳培养基组成为麸皮 2 0 0 g/L ,葡萄糖 30 g/L ,NH4NO3 1g/L ,KH2 PO42 g/L ,MgSO4·7H2 O 1 5 g/L。最佳发酵条件为 2 5℃ ,起始 pH值 6 5 ,装液量 10 0mL/瓶 ,接种量10 % ,摇床转速 2 0 0r/min ,发酵时间 4d。在此条件下 ,其胞外多糖含量 (2 135 4 4 1mg/L)比对照(14 5 4 6 39mg/L)提高了 4 6 8%。     

泰和乌鸡酶解液对酒精发酵的促进作用研究

将0.5‰泰和乌鸡酶解液加入酒精发酵培养基中,以加入5‰的尿素样作对照,观察其对酒精发酵的影响。结果表明,加入泰和乌鸡酶解液可促进酵母繁殖;提高酵母菌耐酒精能力,保护酵母菌的活力;提高酒精发酵液中残糖利用率,使发酵更彻底,提高出酒率;缩短酒精发酵时间,从而提高设备利用率。