激光辐照光学材料热力效应的解析计算和损伤评估

光学元件的损伤是高功率激光技术发展的一个瓶颈，为此以连续CO2激光辐照K9玻璃为例，研究了连续激光辐照光学材料的热力损伤机理。通过积分变换方法，求解热传导和热弹性力学方程组，由此得到激光辐照引起的温度场和热应力场的瞬态分布。研究中发现在高斯光束作用下，热扩散长度的概念不再适用，因此通过曲线拟合方法，推导出最大热应力的位置与辐照时间的关系，并由此计算出材料的损伤阈值。由于K9玻璃的应力损伤阈值小于熔融损伤阈值，因此当激光作用引起的环向热应力大于材料的抗拉强度时，材料发生永久性损伤，损伤形态为拉伸解理。将理论模型的相关结论与实验结果相对比，两者吻合得很好。     

陶瓷材料的选区激光烧结快速成型技术研究进展

阐述了陶瓷材料选区激光烧结技术的原理、工艺和特点，着重分析了粉体预处理、激光烧结参数以及坯体后处理等工艺因素对制件精度和性能的影响，还介绍了该技术目前的应用状况以及潜在的应用领域，最后对该项技术研究和发展的趋势作了展望，指出选区激光烧结技术有可能成为本世纪最主要的陶瓷材料成型工艺之一。     

纳焦飞秒激光在有机材料表面刻划微结构光栅的研究

使用振荡器产生的飞秒激光在透明有机材料PMMA表面进行了刻划微结构光栅的研究．通过理论分析得到了飞秒激光参数和平台移动速度对线宽的影响，进行了系统的加工实验，加工结果与理论分析基本吻合．在透明有机材料PMMA表面进行了多种光栅的刻划，并对刻划的光栅进行了衍射和色散测试，调整光栅的尺寸和排列方式，得到了形状各异的衍射图案。     

Nonlinearity Measurements of High-Power Laser Detectors at NIST

We briefly explain the fundamentals of detector nonlinearity applicable to both electrical and optical nonlinearity measurements. We specifically discuss the attenuation method for optical nonlinearity measurement that the NIST system is based upon, and we review the possible sources of nonlinearity inherent to thermal detectors used with high-power lasers. We also describe, in detail, the NIST nonlinearity measurement system, in which detector responsivity can be measured at wavelengths of 1.06 µm and 10.6 µm, over a power range from 1 W to 1000 W. We present the data processing method used and show measurement results depicting both positive and negative nonlinear behavior. The expanded uncertainty of a typical NIST high-power laser detector calibration including nonlinearity characterization is about 1.3 %.     

脉冲激光液相法制备纳米硅颗粒

采用激光液相法在去离子水体系和乙醇-乙二醇有机体系中制备了纳米硅颗粒.采用透射电镜和图像分析仪对产物进行分析.结果显示:采用激光液相法在两个体系中皆可制得纳米硅颗粒,但都存在明显的团聚现象,平均颗粒尺寸分别为254nm和62nm.在去离子水体系中,最初的纳米硅颗粒甚至团聚成微米级的胶体颗粒,这是因为硅颗粒的尺寸与反应体系和表面活性剂的选择有关.乙二醇作为表面活性剂具有改善纳米硅颗粒团聚和细化颗粒的作用.     

热轧带钢激光平坦度仪的研究与设计

介绍了用于热轧带钢板形检测的激光平坦度仪工作原理，开发了平坦度在线连续测量仪及其系统软件。系统采用激光器和线阵CCD组成的位移测量装置，同时测量带钢操作侧、中心和传动侧的带钢纤维长度，得到平坦度和非对称度信息。仪器投入运行后，取得了满意的测量效果。     

Optical measurement in carbon nanotubes formation by pulsed laser ablation

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced by laser ablation of a graphite composite target in argon and nitrogen ambient gas. To investigate the effect of nitrogen gas on CNTs formation, the plasma plume was examined using optical emission spectroscopy. The vibrational temperature of C₂ molecules was estimated by fitting of a Swan band spectrum. The temperature in N₂ ambient gas is lower than that in Ar ambient gas. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the spectrum intensity of C₂ Swan band was enhanced and CN violet system was also observed. Soot collected in the reaction tube was observed using FE-SEM and TEM. The soot deposited in the nitrogen gas contained more bundled CNTs than those in Ar ambience.     

Analytical solution and experimental verification for pulsed laser heating process with convective boundary condition

Duetothecomplexityandthetransientfeatureoflaserprocessingprocess,realtimequalitycontrolviaexactmodellingandmulti-fieldcouplinganalysisbecomeaNomenclatured,absorptioncoefficient1/m;a,thermaldiffusivitym2/s;Cp,specificheatJ/kgK;r,densitykg/m3;k,thermalconductivityW/mK;I0,laserpeakpowerdensityW/m2;rf,reflectioncoefficient;h,convectivecoefficientW/m2K;Bi,Biotnumber,namelyhkd;s,Laplacevariable;T1,ambienttemperatureK;T0,initialmaterialtemperatureK;Te,materialtemperatureattimetK;m,dynamicviscos…     

3-D transient numerical simulation on the process of laser cladding by powder feeding

A 3-D transient mathematical model for laser cladding by powder feeding was developed to examine the macroscopic heat and momentum transport during the process, based on which a novel method for determining the configuration and thickness of cladding layer was presented. By using Lambert-Beer theorem and Mie‘s theory, the interaction between powder stream and laser beam was treated to evoke their subtle effects on heat transfer and fluid flow in laser molten pool. The numerical study was performed in a co-ordinate system moving with the laser at a constant scanning speed. A fixed grid enthalpy-porosity approach was used,which predicted the evolutionary development of the laser molten pool. The commercial software PHOENICS, to which several modules were appended, was used to accomplish the simulation. The results obtained by the simulation were coincident with those measured in experiment basically.     

激光淬火技术在发动机大修中的应用

作者介绍了激光淬火提高气缸套耐磨性和使用寿命以及提高曲轴抗磨损、抗疲劳性的强化机理、激光处理工艺及方式、方法 ,讨论了激光淬火强化效果的影响 ,总结并分析了强化效果。结果表明 :在优化的工艺条件下 ,激光淬火不仅提高了气缸套和曲轴的耐磨性和抗疲劳性 ,而且还提高了其使用寿命 ,在发动机大修中应该得到大力提倡