配位沉淀-直接还原法制备球形超细镍粉

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂、氯化镍为原料、氨为配位剂, 用配位沉淀法制备球形镍粉前驱体沉淀, 再于氢还原气氛中直接还原前驱体制备球形超细镍粉。系统地研究了前驱体制备过程中反应物浓度、pH值、添加剂、温度和直接还原过程中反应温度、还原气氛对镍粉形貌及粒度的影响。实验结果表明: 在Ni²⁺浓度为0.8 mol/L, pH值为7.5, 反应温度为室温, 添加剂PVP添加量为1%的条件下可制备出类球形、形状较规则、分散性好的镍粉前驱体; 将球形的、分散性好的前驱体粉末在350～400 ℃的N₂和H₂混合气氛中进行还原即可得到分散性好、纯度高的超细金属镍粉。     

泾阳5.2级地震的前兆异常

研究了泾阳5.2级地震前的地壳形变、地下水化学参数、地震分布图象和地震波速比的变化特征,结果 表明,在震前该区地壳形变、地下流体和地震活动表现出长期、中期和短期的不同特征,具有一定的前兆异常,作 出地震预测是可能的。     

低分子量聚碳硅烷制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料

研究了低分子量聚碳硅烷 (PCS) 通过先驱体浸渍裂解 (PIP) 工艺制备C_f/SiC复合材料。分析表明:PCS的数均分子量为400,活性较强,陶瓷化产率为70％左右,在1200℃基本转化为微晶态的β-SiC。分别通过3种不同升温速率制备了3D-C_f/SiC复合材料试样,其弯曲强度分别为745.2MPa、686.7MPa和762.5MPa,明显高于文献报道3D-C_f/SiC复合材料弯曲强度300~500MPa的水平。试样断口的SEM照片均显示长的纤维拔出,有良好的增韧效果,低分子量PCS裂解得到的基体比较致密。实验结果说明,低分子量PCS适合于制备3D-C_f/SiC复合材料,并且提高升温裂解速率对材料性能影响很小。      

利用化学转化法制备氮化硼纤维的反应热力学动力学研究

介绍了利用化学转化法制备高性能BN纤维过程中低温氮化反应的机理.深入探讨氮化硼纤维在低温氮化过程中所遵循的反应动力学和热力学理论,以此理论基础,对氮化工艺进行改进,运用DTA,IRS,SEM,TEM,XRD对纤维表观性能及微观结构进行跟踪.     

三氯环硼氮烷及其衍生物的制备与表征

以三氯化硼和氯化铵为原料,以氯苯为溶剂,采用Schlenk技术合成并提纯出高纯度三氯环硼氮烷(TCB)晶体,利用二甲胺与TCB进行反应,得到TCB的衍生物烷基胺环硼氮烷,为获得高质量BN材料作了原料准备. 采用NMR以及单晶衍射方法对合成样品进行了分析,对反应条件、反应装置及反应路线进行了考察. 研究结果表明,合成反应为均液相反应,加入催化剂Hg, TCB产率可达89%以上;不加催化剂,适当延长反应时间,TCB产率可达87%以上. 在提纯TCB的步骤中,精馏塔理论塔板数为6时较佳. 采用B3LYP/6-31G*计算水平对取代反应过程进行模拟计算,结果表明,取代反应过渡态包含Cl-B-N-HCl四元环结构,通过计算推测反应有可能生成几种取代衍生物的混合物.     

用聚碳硅烷为先驱体制备SiC/Si3N4纳米复相陶瓷

采用聚碳硅烷(PCS) 为先驱体, 利用原位生长法制备SiC/Si₃N₄ 纳米复相陶瓷, 其室温弯曲强度和断裂韧性达到了637M Pa 和8. 10M Pa·m1/2 。研究了材料微观结构的形成及断裂机理,指出在微观结构的形成过程中, 控制SiC 纳米微晶的生成和B-Si₃N₄ 柱状晶的生长是关键, 而增韧补强的主要原因在于形成了晶内型结构和长径比大(大于7. 5) 的Si₃N₄ 柱状晶, 从而改变了断裂机理。      

SiC－C纤维有机先驱体流变可纺性研究

用SiC纤维的先驱体聚碳硅烷与碳纤维先驱体沥青共混得到叮制备SiC-C纤维的先驱体PC-P共混物。它的流变纺丝性与组份聚碳硅烷和沥青的性质相关,只有两组份的可纺丝温度区间叠合,才可以得到可纺性好的PC-P共混先驱体。此研究结果对SiC-C纤维选择聚碳硅烷和沥青组份及共混工艺有指导意义。      

粗糙表面上的移动接触线和动态接触角

提出一个粗糙表面上移动接触线和动态接触角的数理模型：毛细数较低时表观接触线前缘存在极薄的前驱膜,表观接触线在“湿”固体表面上移动,不同于传统模型中认为表观接触线在“干”固体表面上移动.在Moffatt角区内部流动解的基础上,通过引入接触线特征参数表征表观接触线在前驱膜上的滑移程度,导出动态接触角的速度关系.与不同研究者实验数据对比发现量纲1特征参数反映固体材料特性和表面特性对动态湿润过程的影响,与液相的性质无关.结合前期提出的滞后张力模型,对动态法和静态法测量静接触角产生的差异给出合理解释.     

Environmental Enrichment Induces Meningeal Niche Remodeling through TrkB-Mediated Signaling

Neural precursors (NPs) present in the hippocampus can be modulated by several neurogenic stimuli, including environmental enrichment (EE) acting through BDNF-TrkB signaling. We have recently identified NPs in meninges; however, the meningeal niche response to pro-neurogenic stimuli has never been investigated. To this aim, we analyzed the effects of EE exposure on NP distribution in mouse brain meninges. Following neurogenic stimuli, although we did not detect modification of the meningeal cell number and proliferation, we observed an increased number of neural precursors in the meninges. A lineage tracing experiment suggested that EE-induced β3-Tubulin⁺ immature neuronal cells present in the meninges originated, at least in part, from GLAST⁺ radial glia cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for meningeal reaction to EE exposure, we studied the BDNF-TrkB interaction. Treatment with ANA-12, a TrkB non-competitive inhibitor, abolished the EE-induced meningeal niche changes. Overall, these data showed, for the first time, that EE exposure induced meningeal niche remodeling through TrkB-mediated signaling. Fluoxetine treatment further confirmed the meningeal niche response, suggesting it may also respond to other pharmacological neurogenic stimuli. A better understanding of the neurogenic stimuli modulation for meninges may be useful to improve the effectiveness of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric treatments.     

Intranasal Administration of Undifferentiated Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells as a Potential Approach to Deliver Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells into Brain

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration is a mechanism involved in remyelination; these cells migrate from niches in the adult CNS. However, age and disease reduce the pool of OPCs; as a result, the remyelination capacity of the CNS decreases over time. Several experimental studies have introduced OPCs to the brain via direct injection or intrathecal administration. In this study, we used the nose-to brain pathway to deliver oligodendrocyte lineage cells (human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells), which behave similarly to OPCs in vitro. To this end, we administered GFP-labelled HOG cells intranasally to experimental animals, which were subsequently euthanised at 30 or 60 days. Our results show that the intranasal route is a viable route to the CNS and that HOG cells administered intranasally migrate preferentially to niches of OPCs (clusters created during embryonic development and adult life). Our study provides evidence, albeit limited, that HOG cells either form clusters or adhere to clusters of OPCs in the brains of experimental animals.