基于有限元仿真的发泡硅橡胶老化规律研究

通过力学性能测试得到发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合Ogden(Foam) 3阶超弹本构模型,建立发泡硅橡胶静密封系统的有限元仿真模型,得到大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶的von Mises应力及接触压力分布情况。仿真结果表明:大压缩量下发泡硅橡胶对称中心线位置的von Mises应力、接触压力值较大,在橡胶边缘和靠近限位环处接触应力数值有突增。开展140℃热空气老化试验,测定老化后发泡硅橡胶应力应变曲线,结合有限元仿真模型分析发泡硅橡胶老化后von Mises应力、接触压力的变化规律。结果表明:经过热空气老化后,在一定载荷下发泡硅橡胶等效应力和接触压力均呈增大的趋势。     

仅外墙板为装配式建筑的施工细节

装配式建筑相较于传统建筑,具有节能减排、绿色环保、快速施工、工业化生产和缩短工期等优势,能有效改善我国现阶段建筑业劳动力低、技术创新弱、建筑品质不高的局面,推动建造方式的改变,并能大幅提高企业信息化、可视化管控管理水平,并通过预制装配式产业链的整合,催生相关新产业和服务业,可以使产业链上各企业的核心竞争力得到提高。全产业标准化,规格化,使得信息流、资金流和物流得到有效整合。     

Structural silicone sealants after exposure to laboratory test for durability assessment

During the service life of structural sealant glazing (SSG) facades, the load-bearing capacity of the silicone bonds needs to be guaranteed. Laboratory tests can assess the durability of SSG-systems based on mechanical characteristics of the bond after simultaneous exposure to both climatic and mechanical loads. This article studies how the material characteristics of two common structural sealants are affected by laboratory and field exposure. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms a reduction in the dynamic modulus of exposed silicone samples. Results from thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering show differences between the two sealants and indicate no/minor changes in the composition and morphology of the laboratory and field exposed sealants. Mechanical characterization methods, such as DMA, and tensile and shear testing of the structural bond, are shown to be sensitive toward the combined climatic and mechanical loadings, and are hence suitable for studying degradation mechanisms of structural sealants.     

含新型有机硅缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

为了研究缓蚀剂组分及添加条件对发射药性的影响,设计并制备了一种含新型有机硅的缓蚀剂材料;采用烧蚀管法,对比石蜡+TiO2型缓蚀剂,研究了新型有机硅缓蚀剂的静态降烧蚀效果;采用密闭爆发器研究了不同缓蚀剂添加条件对高能硝胺发射药点火和燃烧性能的影响;采用14.5mm弹道枪和壁温测试装置,研究不同缓蚀剂添加条件对膛壁温度、内弹道性能和枪口烟雾的影响。结果表明,采用含新型有机硅的缓蚀剂,降烧蚀效果更为显著;随着缓蚀剂添加量的增加,压力峰值、弹丸初速也会产生小幅下降,但总体影响幅度较小;添加缓蚀剂后,射击过程膛壁峰值温度显著下降,下降幅度随着缓蚀剂添加量的增加而增加,在缓蚀剂质量分数为3%时,对身管壁温降低幅度可达17.1%,且产生的枪口烟雾量较少;在缓蚀剂质量分数为5%时,缓蚀剂添加过量,枪口产生较大烟雾。该缓蚀剂及添加条件有望应用于低烧蚀发射药配方中。     

影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素

目的寻找影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素,并找到相应的提升改进方法。方法以液体硅橡胶为基体,通过燃烧橡胶条熏附、添加纳米SiO2粉末混合和喷洒纳米SiO2粉末附着这三种不同方式,来制备超疏水表面涂层。通过改变纳米粉末的加入方式、加入质量,研究疏水性的最佳条件。并通过光学显微镜测量静态接触角评价表面疏水性能,寻找影响其疏水性的因素。结果最佳的方法为熏烧的烟尘附于液体硅橡胶涂层表面,大多数试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达159°,平均值150°,静态接触角提高40°以上;次之为均匀喷洒纳米SiO2粉末,部分试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高为145°,平均值135.5°,静态接触角提高30°~40°;简单搅拌混合的提升效果最差,没有试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达124°,平均值108.5°,静态接触角只提高5°~15°。结论构建超疏水涂层的关键在于能否成功构建出微纳米的二级微观结构,简单的物理混合、搅拌会使纳米粉末被覆盖掉,无法表现出其特性。涂层的疏水能力与接触周围的实际微观长度有关。     

硅树脂添加量对氧化铝基陶瓷型芯性能的影响

以氧化铝粉末为基体,添加具有粘结性和一定陶瓷产率的硅树脂粉末,通过干压成型和无压烧结制备出氧化铝基陶瓷型芯,重点研究了硅树脂添加量对氧化铝基陶瓷型芯性能的影响。结果表明:硅树脂在裂解过程中会形成二氧化硅,二氧化硅与氧化铝基体发生反应形成新相莫来石。由于硅树脂在交联和裂解过程中会释放大量气体,导致烧结体失重,且气体的逸出会抑制由烧结引起的收缩,因此,随着硅树脂添加量增加,产生的气体量增加,烧结体的失重率增加,收缩率降低。硅树脂含量的增加使得烧结体的气孔率变大和体积密度减小,烧结体的室温抗弯强度逐渐减小。硅树脂的添加虽然降低了其室温强度,但是保证了陶瓷型芯的尺寸精度。     

硅氧烷功能化石墨烯改性有机硅皮革手感剂的稳定性与应用

硅氧烷功能化石墨烯具有良好的分散性与稳定性,功能化石墨烯改性有机硅具有良好的耐酸、耐碱能力。本文使用纳米粒度及电位分析仪、Taber耐磨试验机、摩擦褪色试验机等测试了硅氧烷功能化石墨烯改性有机硅的zeta电位、纳米粒度、粒径分布及成革物理机械性能,结果表明:石墨烯改性有机硅在pH值为0.5~11.5时稳定性高;碱性越强,纳米粒度越大,粒径分布越集中,粒径分布系数越小;酸性越强,粒径分布越分散,粒径分布系数越大。将硅氧烷功能化石墨烯与聚氨酯光亮剂或硝化棉光亮剂共混应用于皮革顶层涂饰,能显著提升涂层物理机械性能,且石墨烯改性有机硅对聚氨酯光亮剂的增强效果高于硝化棉光亮剂。     

Examination of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Polyurea in Silicone Molds Arising during Vacuum Casting Processes

We present an in-depth investigation of the aging effects in silicone molds for vacuum casting processes. Their lifetime is limited to a few production cycles due to contamination with the diisocyanate component of polyurethane casting materials. Using thermogravimetric analysis measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and helium-ion-microscopy the chemical and physical mechanisms of the aging process have been identified. It has been shown that a diffusion process of diisocyanate into the cavity surface leads to the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurea derivatives in silicone rubber. This has been proven by extracting and analyzing polyurea of low molecular weights from the silicone.     

Enhancing the Yield Stress in Liquid Polydimethylsiloxane to Allow Its 3D Printing: Hydrogels as Removable Fillers

For manufacturing parts of very soft materials by liquid deposition modeling (e.g., to mimic living soft tissues), formulations of 3D-printable polydimethylsiloxane have been developed, with the aim of increasing the yield stress of the liquid and reducing the final mechanical modulus. In the present work, suspensions of solid-like hydrogel particles, which are easily 3D-printable, are prepared in order to generate yield stress, and the suspended phase is removed after manufacturing by taking advantage of the thermo-reversibility of the hydrogel behavior, resulting in porosity, which reduces the final rigidity. The reported approach is even more efficient than a previous approach based on emulsion formulations.     

Vinyl-functionalized polyborosiloxane for improving mechanical and flame-retardancy performances of silicone rubber foam composites

In this work, we first synthesized vinyl-terminated polyborosiloxane (pBS) filler, and then incorporated it into silicone rubber foam (SRF) matrix to prepare composite materials through a simple chemical dehydrogenative foaming method under ambient conditions. The pBS filler with reactive groups could form physical and chemical crosslinking networks in SRF, leading to an excellent dispersion level of pBS in the SRF matrix. Moreover, the inserted pBS could remarkably improve the mechanical and flame-retardancy properties of SRF-pBS composites. Intriguingly, the SRF-pBS6 foam containing 6 wt% of pBS possessed a uniform porous structure and balanced mechanical properties (σ_b = 65.4 kPa, ε_b = 56.7%, compression stress 97.1 kPa), thermal conductivity (0.102 W (m K)^?1), limiting oxygen index (29.8%) and UL-94 rating (V-0) among the prepared foams. In addition, the incorporated pBS (6 wt%) could synergistically catalyze the formation of a silicon–boron strengthened ceramic-like protective layer under fire and was capable of suppressing heat and smoke production in the SRF-pBS6 foam. The present work provides a promising way for developing high mechanical and flame-retardant polymeric foam materials with good thermal insulation. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.