一种“KooN”结构的马尔可夫简并建模和简化计算的方法

IEC61508等标准提出了几种计算安全仪表系统需求时平均失效概率的方法,但是,对于具有冗余配置的复杂系统,随着组件数量的增加,系统的中间状态数量快速增长,用户难以构建马尔可夫模型,即便借助计算机来建模运算也较为耗时。提出了一种同型“K oo N”简并状态的马尔可夫建模的通用方法,首先是根据降级状态进行判断,将符合条件的状态进行简并,然后对标记为危险失效状态的概率进行计算。通过严格的理论推导,该简并状态方法可以在不损失精度的前提下简化马尔可夫建模。     

三维增材鞋面印花机对位平台的冗余驱动控制策略

针对自动鞋面印花机在进行对版时定位精度低,影响鞋面印刷质量的问题,提出了基于冗余驱动的印花机对位平台。在原有的三轴并联机构对位平台的基础上通过增加1个Y轴,有效地提高了对位平台Y向的刚度和承载能力,从而提高了印花机对位平台的定位精度。由于冗余驱动机构运动过程中存在机构运动耦合,利用几何法进行解耦,提出了基于电子凸轮的控制策略。同时提出了对机构换向间隙补偿的控制策略,进一步提高对位平台的定位精度,保证了鞋面的印刷质量。经过实验验证,改进后的印花机对位平台Y向定位精度提高了85.7%,Z向旋转定位精度提高了72.9%,X向和Y向换向间隙分别提高了50% 和75%,Z向旋转换向间隙提高了42.86%。     

Design and analysis of a class of redundant collaborative manipulators with 2D large rotational angles

The parallel spindle heads with high rotational capability are demanded in the area of multi-axis machine tools and 3D printers. This paper focuses on designing a class of 2R1T (R: Rotation; T: Translation) parallel spindle heads and the corresponding collaborative 5-axis manipulators with 2-dimension (2D) large rotational angles. In order to construct 2D rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs), a platform with 2D revolute joints is proposed first. Based on the constraint screw theory, the feasible limbs that can be connected in the platform are synthesized. In order to provide constant rotational axis for the platform, a class of redundant limbs are designed. A class of redundant 2R1T parallel spindle heads is obtained by connecting the redundant limbs with the platform and the redundant characteristics are verified by the modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion. The corresponding 5-axis collaborative manipulators are presented by constructing a 2-DOF series translational bottom moving platform. The inverse kinematics and the orientation workspace as well as the decoupling characteristics of this type of 2R1T parallel spindle heads are analyzed. The results show that these manipulators have large 2D rotational angles than the traditional A3/Z3 heads and can be potentially used in the application of multi-axis machine tools and the 3D printers.     

隧道斜井施工钢丝绳断裂事故分析及启示

某施工单位隧道斜井出碴采用的24.5-6×19+FC-1550-ZS钢丝绳,负载运行274天后,左线牵引钢丝绳发生整绳破断。检查分析表明,钢丝绳的断裂属性为疲劳断裂,疲劳断裂是因为钢丝绳的直径选择不当,受力状态严重恶化造成的。事故启示为:设置多道高可靠性的防坠设施,提高日常钢丝绳维护检查的有效性,加强对钢丝绳疲劳程度的监测,是其安全运行的重要保证。     

燃气热水器的可靠性设计

提出了使用交流电源的燃气热水器应进行的电气安全、接地、硬件和软件等方面的可靠性设计。     

基于 BP 神经网络的无人机IMU 多传感器冗余的补偿算法

针对无人机多传感器数据决策时存在的数据可靠性不足以及资源浪费的问题,提出一种基于 BP 神经网络的无人机惯 性测量单元(IMU)多传感器冗余的补偿算法。 将低精度的 IMU 传感器数据输入到 BP 神经网络,利用 BP 神经网络的非线性拟 合能力,补偿低精度 IMU 数据的误差,然后利用基于置信度的数据仲裁算法对多个较高精度数据进行仲裁,输出经过数据融合 后的传感器数据,此过程还可以进行传感器故障判断和定位。 通过改变同类型传感器安装方式解决奇点问题。 实验结果表明, 经过神经网络误差补偿后,误差比原来减小了 55. 2%,比使用卡尔曼滤波算法进行误差补偿后的误差小 53. 9%。 此算法充分发 挥了冗余传感器设计的优势,提高了传感器系统的可靠性。     

Adaptive reuse of office buildings into housing: opportunities and risks

One way of adapting and reusing vacant office buildings is conversion into housing. Former research has shown possibilities for this type of conversion, and has delivered instruments for determining the conversion potential of vacant offices. Although adaptation and renovation of outdated offices can prove to be a successful property (real estate) strategy, conversions into housing still only occur on a small scale. There are several reasons for this, including uncertainty about financial feasibility and little knowledge about the opportunities and risks of building conversions. A meta-study of the conversion of 15 office buildings into housing in the Netherlands is used to reveal the drivers for office-to-housing conversions as well as the opportunities and risks that arise in the conversion process. The findings show that various legal, financial, technical, functional and architectonic issues define the opportunities and risks of building conversions. These insights can be used to support the decision-making processes for dealing with vacant office buildings in order to minimize the risks and increase the opportunities.     

基于光纤网络的分布式励磁控制系统

本文介绍了一种基于光纤网络的分布式励磁控制系统,其智能功率柜在励磁调节器退出运行后可以通过自身通信状态和预置优先级选出替代的在线控制设备。本文提出了一种阳极电压运行方式供智能功率柜独立运行时使用。现场试验验证了智能功率柜切换逻辑的可靠性,也证明了阳极电压运行方式的实用性。     

核电站厂用电供电可靠性及建模

冗余供电方式可以提高核电站厂用电系统的安全可靠性,基于可靠性理论,分析并推导单向切换双冗余、双向切换双冗余、单向切换多级冗余三类供电模式的可靠性,分析系统结构因素,提出单向切换多级冗余作为核电站实际供电模型;该模型符合纵深防御原则、单一故障准则的设计理念,同时体现供电优先级别、可维修检验的工程要求.     

移动对象无冗余周期模式发现算法

技术的发展进步和需求的多样性,产生了大量的数据,数据背后隐含模式的发现对问题的深入研究起到关键性的作用.为了挖掘移动对象的周期运动模式,提出了一种无冗余周期模式(Non-redundant period patterns,NRPP)发现算法.为解决噪声因素的影响,在现有方法基础上,引入相似性因子,删减冗余周期模式,使挖掘出的模式精简、准确.算法为不同模式设置不同阈值,不但解决了稀有项问题和组合爆炸问题,而且也使得挖掘效率更高效.采用公开移动对象数据实验,结果表明算法能高效挖掘出移动对象的周期模式.