Exploiting Bayesian networks for fault isolation: A diagnostic case study of diesel fuel injection system

Fault isolation is known to be a challenging problem in machinery troubleshooting. It is not only because the isolation of multiple faults contains considerable number of uncertainties due to the strong correlation and coupling between different faults, but often massive prior knowledge is needed as well. This paper presents a Bayesian network-based approach for fault isolation in the presence of the uncertainties. Various faults and symptoms are parameterized using state variables, or the so-called nodes in Bayesian networks (BNs). Probabilistically causality between a fault and a symptom and its quantization are described respectively by a directed edge and conditional probability. To reduce the qualitative and quantitative knowledge needed, particular considerations are given to the simplification of Bayesian networks structures and conditional probability expressions using rough sets and noisy-OR/MAX model, respectively. By adopting the simplified approach, symptoms under multiple-fault are decoupled into the ones under every single fault, while the quantity of the conditional probabilities is simplified into the linear form of the faults quantity. Prior knowledge needed in Bayesian network-based diagnostic model is reduced significantly, which decreases the complexity in establishing and applying this diagnosis model. The computational efficiency is improved accordingly in the simplified BN model, after eliminating the redundant symptoms. The fault isolation methodology is illustrated through an example of diesel engine fuel injection system to verify the developed model.     

Effect of heat treatment and zircon addition on the properties of low-cement castables based on recycled alumina grog

In this investigation, low-cement castables were prepared using 70% alumina grog aggregates obtained from crushed alumina brick waste. The aggregates were thermally treated at 1550 °C for 3 h. Four types of low-cement castables were prepared with various types of aggregates (alumina grog with or without thermal treatment) and fillers (with or without zircon addition), and they were evaluated in terms of their physical, thermal, and chemical properties. Microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on the castables before and after slag attack. Compared to the other fabricated castables, the thermally treated alumina grog castables with zircon showed better physical properties, such as a higher bulk density, cold crushing strength, and modulus of rupture and a lower apparent porosity and water absorption. In addition, they had a higher positive linear thermal expansion, refractoriness under load, permanent linear change, and hot modulus of rupture. The results of the SEM with energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the prepared castables confirmed that the mullite and anorthite phases were predominant when zircon was not added and the zircon–mullite phase additionally appeared upon the incorporation of zircon. A quantitative elemental analysis via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to determine the composition of the castables. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the alumina grog castables had a high mullite and low anorthite content, and the thermally treated alumina grog had a high anorthite, low mullite, and high zircon content. The improvement in the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the castables with thermally treated alumina grog and added zircon can be attributed to the formation of the zircon–mullite phase with a low mullite phase content.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of fire scenarios involving two mechanically ventilated compartments connected together with a horizontal vent

This work deals with an experimental and numerical investigation of a fire scenario involving two rooms mechanically ventilated and connected together with a horizontal vent. The objective is to improve the understanding of the physical phenomena and to assess the capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations to predict flow field for such a fire scenario. The study is based on a set of large‐scale fire experiments performed in the framework of the OECD PRISME‐2 project in the DIVA multi‐room facility of the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) and of numerical simulations performed with the ISIS CFD code. The fire scenario consists of two rooms, one above the other, mechanically ventilated and connected to each other with a horizontal vent of 1 m². The fire is a heptane pool fire located in the lower room. The analysis focuses on the coupling between the burning rate, the flow at the vent, and the configuration of the mechanical ventilation. Several regimes of combustion are encountered from well‐ventilated steady fire to under‐ventilated unsteady and oscillatory fire. The results show that the burning rate is controlled by both the mechanical ventilation and the downward flow from the vent. The numerical simulations highlight the specific pattern of the oxygen concentration field induced by the downward flow at the vent.     

Reformate-enriched gasoline-ethanol blends: Volatility criteria and azeotrope formation

Four hydrocarbon-base gasolines (BG) were formulated from the local refinery streams; isomerate, reformate, and light naphtha. The formulations were enriched in reformate. Each of these BG formulations was blended with 10 vol% of anhydrous ethanol. From ASTM-D86 distillation data, eight distillation curves were constructed and the trend line equations of these distillation curves were developed. Also, the area under each distillation curve (AUDC) was calculated through calculus definite integration technique. Subsequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF) for each BG-ethanol blend was estimated. In this paper, the influence of increasing reformate proportions on the created positive azeotrope, was studied. Also the influence of increasing reformate proportions on vapor pressure, Temperature for the vapor-liquid ratio of 20, T50 and octane number was studied. The results show that the R² values of the distillation curve equations prove the reliability of the fits. Also, increasing reformate proportion in the fuel blend improves the octane number while increasing reformate proportion decreases the volatility of the fuel formulation.     

模拟水环境下的压紧弹簧刚度试验及计算模型的研究

在模拟水环境下，对堆内构件压紧弹簧的缩比试样进行了刚度试验，并与有限元模拟、基于小扰度理论模型和大扰度随动模型的分析结果进行比较分析。结果表明，当摩擦系数按文献实验测值0.189取值时，有限元模拟、基于小扰度的理论模型和大扰度随动模型计算所得的刚度值均与试验所得的相近；卸载稳定段的刚度均明显小于加载稳定段的，是加载时的0.6倍左右。有限元模拟分析进一步阐明，在压紧弹簧变形过程中，压紧弹簧的截面存在转动，它与垫板之间的接触点并不是固定的，在加载和卸载过程中存在来回的径向位移。并且压紧弹簧接触面上的摩擦力方向是相反的，使得压紧弹簧在加载和卸载过程的刚度存在较大的差别。较小扰度理论模型、考虑压紧弹簧截面转动和接触点径向位移的大扰度随动模型所得的结果与有限元模拟更为接近。      

近距离煤层煤柱下应力分布和巷道支护技术

针对和尚嘴煤业近距离煤层煤柱下掘进巷道变形大的问题,在介绍地质力学特征的基础上,采用数值模拟分析上部煤层不同方式采动后,采空区和煤柱在下部煤层的应力分布情况。分析煤柱下巷道变形特点和支护要点,结合高预应力强力锚杆支护理论,提出合理的锚网与锚索联合支护设计,现场试验效果明显。     

基于ANSYS的智能搬运AGV小车下车体结构分析

本文以智能搬运AGV小车下车体机械结构为例，应用ANSYS12.0对智能搬运AGV小车下车体机械结构进行有限元分析，旨在校核该结构的合理性、可靠性；进而为新一代AGV小车车体机械结构的设计提供重要科学性保证。     

里必井田承压水带压开采评估

煤层底板承压水突出是发生水害事故的原因之一,要减少该类事故的发生,需对底板突水危险性进行准确评价。为保障里必井田承压水带压开采的安全进行,基于煤层底板突水研究理论分析,采用常规突水系数法和等效厚度突水系数法,分别对里必井田内3#煤和15#煤的奥灰水突水危险性进行了研究。研究发现,奥灰水对于3#煤的开采影响不大,但在局部构造及陷落柱发育地段及采区东北部区域仍存在一定的突水可能性;奥灰水对15#煤开采具有较大威胁,大部分区域具有较大突水危险性。等效岩层厚度法计算的突水系数考虑了不同性质岩层的岩石强度和阻水能力,计算更接近生产实际,结果更可靠;且在对突水系数法进一步优化后,其评价的结果可以更精确。     

Blockchain verification and validation: Techniques,challenges, and research directions

As blockchain technology is gaining popularity in industry and society, solutions for Verification and Validation (V&V) of blockchain-based software applications (BC-Apps) have started gaining equal attention. To ensure that BC-Apps are properly developed before deployment, it is paramount to apply systematic V&V to verify their functional and non-functional requirements. While existing research aims at addressing the challenges of engineering BC-Apps by providing testing techniques and tools, blockchain-based software development is still an emerging research discipline, and therefore, best practices and tools for the V&V of BC-Apps are not yet sufficiently developed. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on V&V solutions for BC-Apps. Specifically, using a layered approach, we synthesize V&V tools and techniques addressing different components at various layers of the BC-App stack, as well as across the whole stack. Next, we provide a discussion on the challenges associated with BC-App V&V, and summarize a set of future research directions based on the challenges and gaps identified in existing research work. Our study aims to highlight the importance of BC-App V&V and pave the way for a disciplined, testable, and verifiable BC development.     

底板带压开采工作面并行电透视探测技术应用研究

汾西矿务局水峪矿部分工作面现已面临带压开采问题，受下伏奥陶系灰岩水害影响，工作面安全回采过程中的防治水工作难度增加，尤其是带压开采工作面底板灰岩水的有效探测变得异常紧迫与重要。为了解决底板带压开采工作面富水区的探测问题，水峪矿引入了并行电透视技术，并对相应工作面进行了探测应用。并行电透视技术相对于传统音频电透视技术具有仪器智能化控制发射接收切换、一发射点并行对应多接收点、仪器智能快速高效跑极施工的3项技术优势，可体现应用现场施工高效、实际探测效果可靠的技术特点。经过对并行电透视技术及探测应用效果分析研究，证明该方法技术领先，现场施工高效，实际探测结果可靠，实用性强。