浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株，通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定，并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明，分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明，菌株621蛋白酶活性最强，为（207.98±3.20）U/mL；菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强，为（3.40±1.40）U/mL；菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高，为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

高温蒸煮协同纤维素酶改性竹笋膳食纤维

以竹笋膳食纤维(bamboo shoot dietary fiber,BSDF)为研究对象,分别采用纤维素酶酶解(ET)、高温蒸煮(HT)、高温蒸煮协同纤维素酶(ET-HT)处理BSDF,分析其结构和理化性质(持水力、膨胀力、持油力、色泽)的变化。结果表明,改性后BSDF的粒径均显著减小(P <0. 05),ET-HT40组BSDF的粒径((423±23. 7) nm)最小,改性处理后的BSDF的电位均显著下降(P <0. 05)。ET-HT处理后BSDF呈片状结构,ET-HT组BSDF的L*值(54. 26±0. 64)和b*值(18. 41±0. 29)最小,a*值(9. 63±0. 17)最大。ET-HT20组BSDF的持水力((5. 29±0. 17) g/g)和膨胀力((13. 22±0. 12) mL/g)最大,ET-HT40组BSDF的持油力((8. 35±0. 03) g/g)最大。热重分析表明ET-HT处理BSDF的热稳定性最强。红外光谱表明ET、HT和ET-HT改性后BSDF的主要官能团结构未发生改变。综上,ET-HT较单独ET和HT更有效地改善了BSDF的理化性质,是提升BSDF品质的有效方式。     

酶预处理对纤维打浆性能的影响

采用纤维素酶对漂白阔叶木浆进行预处理,研究了酶预处理工艺对纤维形态和打浆能耗的影响,并进一步分析浆料通过PFI磨打浆后的纤维形态变化,为酶预处理漂白阔叶木浆制备纤维素微纤丝(CMF)提供理论指导。结果表明,酶预处理并没有明显改变纤维形态,但经PFI磨打浆后的纤维更易被切断和分丝帚化,纤维润胀程度得以提高,且当酶用量8 U/g,打浆度达到50°SR和68°SR时,浆料的扭结纤维含量相比未经酶预处理的对照样分别减少了17. 2个百分点和16. 2个百分点,细小纤维含量分别增加了20. 8个百分点和17. 6个百分点;此外,酶预处理能显著降低磨浆能耗。当酶用量8 U/g时,打浆度达到50°SR和68°SR时,打浆能耗相比未添加酶的对照样分别节省了50%和33. 3%。     

N~＋注入诱变选育纤维素酶高产菌株及发酵产酶营养因子优化研究

应用低能氮离子（N＋）注入技术对纤维素酶产生菌里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）进行诱变选育,在能量为10 keV,注量为150×10^14和200×10^14N＋/cm^2的条件下分别筛选得到3株纤维素酶高产菌株,连续5代遗传稳定性实验结果表明,所得到的高产菌株遗传稳定性较好,羧甲基纤维素酶活力均提高到3.300 IU/mL以上,较出发菌株（2.698 IU/mL）提高了20.0%以上。采用Plackett-Burman实验设计法和旋转中心组合设计法系统地研究高产菌株150-1-1发酵营养因子组成,得到了纤维素酶产量随葡萄糖、麸皮和微晶纤维素等营养因子的变化规律及相应的响应面分析图。实验结果表明,葡萄糖、麸皮和微晶纤维素浓度与纤维素酶活存在显著的相关性,当葡萄糖浓度为4.9 g/L,麸皮浓度为23.0 g/L,微晶纤维素浓度为7.7 g/L时,150-1-1纤维素酶滤纸酶活力达到2.439 IU/mL,较优化前（2.000 IU/mL）提高了22.0%。     

Technological Implications of Modifying the Extent of Cell Wall-Proanthocyanidin Interactions Using Enzymes

The transference and reactivity of proanthocyanidins is an important issue that affects the technological processing of some fruits, such as grapes and apples. These processes are affected by proanthocyanidins bound to cell wall polysaccharides, which are present in high concentrations during the processing of the fruits. Therefore, the effective extraction of proanthocyanidins from fruits to their juices or derived products will depend on the ability to manage these associations, and, in this respect, enzymes that degrade these polysaccharides could play an important role. The main objective of this work was to test the role of pure hydrolytic enzymes (polygalacturonase and cellulose) and a commercial enzyme containing these two activities on the extent of proanthocyanidin-cell wall interactions. The results showed that the modification promoted by enzymes reduced the amount of proanthocyanidins adsorbed to cell walls since they contributed to the degradation and release of the cell wall polysaccharides, which diffused into the model solution. Some of these released polysaccharides also presented some reactivity towards the proanthocyanidins present in a model solution.     

一种来源于康氏木霉的纤维素酶增效蛋白的分离纯化

引言在可持续发展、低碳经济的背景下,利用纤维素酶水解木质纤维原料生产燃料乙醇无疑是一项符合我国国情的能源战略[1]。然而纤维素酶的水解效率低是制约纤维素燃料乙醇生产的最大障碍。     

中度嗜盐菌HS1产纤维素酶发酵条件的研究

对一株中度嗜盐菌HS1产纤维素酶的活性进行了初步研究.单因素实验和正交实验结果表明,菌株HS1产纤维素酶的最佳发酵氮源为1.5%NaNO3,优化的发酵条件为:液体种子接种量6%、培养温度35℃、初始pH值6.5、培养时间4 d.     

Functional stabilization of cellulase by covalent modification with chitosan

Chitosan was linked to cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) from Trichoderma viride by covalent conjugation to periodate‐activated carbohydrate moieties of the enzyme. The modified enzyme contained about 1.5 mol of polymer per mol of protein. The specific activity of the conjugate prepared was 39.8% of the native cellulase. The optimum pH and temperature for cellulase remained unaltered after modification. The thermostability was increased by 8.9 °C for the cellulase–chitosan complex. Thermal inactivation at different temperatures ranging from 65 °C to 80 °C was markedly increased for the polymer‐modified enzyme. The stability within the pH range 1.0–3.2 was also improved for the modified enzyme. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Structural change in mercerized cotton fibers on cellulase treatment

Cotton fibers treated with liquid ammonia and sodium hydroxide were hydrolyzed with crude cellulase. The structural change in the fibers due to the cellulase treatment was examined in relation to the apparent affinity of Congo Red. The cellulose III crystalline structure collapsed and generated intermediate‐molecular‐ordered regions on cellulase treatment. Adsorption of Congo Red occurred on the crystallite surfaces of cellulose II and cellulose III that was transformed from cellulose II. The fiber, the dominant crystallite phase of which was cellulose III that was transformed from cellulose II, had a considerably increased apparent affinity after cellulase treatment. The intermediate structure on the crystallite surface was associated with the adsorption of Congo Red in the cases of cellulose II and cellulose III. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1675–1680, 2001