PEDOT:PSS对PEDOT:PSS/Si杂化太阳电池性能影响的研究

聚合物poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)是一种具有高电导率和良好透过性的p型半导体材料。PEDOT:PSS/Si杂化太阳电池由于具有较低的工艺温度,且工艺简单而具有一定的前景。在这种杂化太阳电池结构中,PEDOT:PSS的光学、电学性质对器件性能有重要影响。分别从PEDOT:PSS退火工艺、溶液二次掺杂(二甲基亚砜)的含量以及PEDOT:PSS薄膜厚度3个方面对薄膜的光、电特性以及器件性能的影响进行研究,并优化相关工艺。根据这些优化的参数,最终得到6.63%的太阳电池转化效率(太阳电池面积为2.25 cm^2)。     

Effect of Fe/Zn ratio in composite catalyst for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE_n) are extremely effective diesel additives to reduce soot formation during combustion. We introduce a series of Fe-Zn composite solid acid catalysts (SO₄²⁻/xFe₂O₃-yZnO), for the condensation reaction of methanol and paraformaldehyde (PF) with a cheap and feasible route to efficiently synthesize PODE_n. These catalysts were characterized by different characterization techniques, namely BET, XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and NH₃-TPD and the results showed that Fe/Zn molar ratios strongly influenced the physicochemical characteristics of catalysts, thus affecting the methanol conversion and PODE_1-6 and PODE_3-6 selectivity. Accordingly, the methanol conversion was decreased and the selectivity of PODE_3-6 was increased after increasing the Zn molar content. Comparatively, SO₄²⁻/Fe₂O₃-2ZnO exhibited superior catalytic activity among the various investigated catalysts due to the high acid density of strong acid sites. The optimal reaction conditions were observed to be at a 3.0 wt% catalyst loading (catalyst/reactant mass ratio), 2.5 hours ours of reaction time, a reaction temperature of 403 K, and a molar ratio of 3:1 of CH₂O to methanol, achieving a high selectivity of 99.09% PODE_1-6 and 28.23% PODE_3-6 with 55.16% methanol conversion during the reaction.     

Modeling and simulation of hydrogen production from dimethyl ether steam reforming using exhaust gas

In this paper, hydrogen production from steam reforming of DME (dimethyl ether) has been modeled and simulated using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method. The reformation chemistry occurs in a porous catalytic bed where exhaust gas is supplied through the EGR (exhaust gas recycling) valve of the engine to drive the endothermic reaction system. The tightly coupled system of mass, energy, and momentum equations are used to describe the complex physical and chemical process of DME steam reforming. The global reaction kinetics for the reforming is adopted in the CFD model. The mathematical models are introduced into the commercial software Comsol, and then numerical simulations are also performed based on this model. The model predictions are quantitatively validated by experiment data. The simulation results indicate the temperature distribution, mass distribution, DME conversion, and hydrogen production from steam reforming of DME. In addition, the fuel to steam ratio and velocity of exhaust gas are manipulated as operating parameters. These simulation results will provide helpful data to design and operate a bench scale catalytic fluidized bed reactor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigating the wicking behavior of micro/nanofibrous core-sheath PET–PAN yarn modified by dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate

The present research aims at imparting an improved wicking ability to the recycled multifilament yarns by wrapping composite nanofibers to attain an efficient material for filtration purposes. Therefore, polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate nanoparticles were wrapped around the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn by means of a novel electrospinning technique. Several tests were performed to investigate the parameters affecting wicking rise and moisture regain of the samples. Taguchi method was used in two separate designs (with or without nanoparticles). Some factors such as polymer solution concentration, mass ratio of nanoparticles, take-up rate, and number of filaments were considered as the variable factors while yarn wicking rate and moisture regain were the response factors. It was found that the hydrophilic nature of nanoparticles together with the ultrafine structure of nanofibers provide yarns with enhanced wicking properties. Although solution concentration is the predominant factor in wicking rate of the yarns containing nanoparticles, the most effective factor in wicking rise and moisture regain for other cases is the number of filaments. The mechanism of nanoparticle effect on fluidic jet during electrospinning process is explained by theory of nanofluids stability which has never been validated experimentally in previous research studies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48185.     

有机硅低沸物研究进展

概述了有机硅低沸物的特点,介绍了国内外处理有机硅低沸物的主要方法：精馏法和再分配法,试图总结出适合工业化运用的处理有机硅低沸物的方法。     

N-甲基氨基甲酸甲酯的合成

以1,3-二甲基脲(DMU)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为原料,采用不同酸碱催化剂在反应釜中合成N-甲基氨基甲酸甲酯(MMC)。结果表明,在相同的实验条件下二丁基氧化锡(DBTO)具有较高的催化活性。通过FTIR,1HNMR和13CNMR的分析,确认了目标产物MMC的结构。进一步研究表明,在DBTO为0.603 mmol,DMU为15.34 mmol,DMC为169.2 mmol,以反应物DMC为溶剂,反应温度423 K,反应时间为4 h的最佳条件下,MMC的收率可达99.96%。     

二甲基甲酰胺中铥(Ⅲ)在铜电极上的电化学行为

应用循环伏安法、单电位阶跃计时电流法、计时电量法研究了二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中铥(III)在Cu电极上的电化学性质。研究表明,铥(III)在Cu电极上的还原是不可逆过程。通过上述3种电化学方法得到的扩散系数(D0)相近,由循环伏安法测得的传递系数(α)为0.028 36,通过塔菲尔曲线求得的交换电流密度(i0)为1.352 6×10-6 A/cm2。铥(III)离子成核机理研究表明,铥在Cu电极上的电沉积按三维模式生长连续成核。     

三(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐的合成

以氯化亚砜(TC)、三乙醇胺(TEA)为反应原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂,经分子间亲核取代反应合成三(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐。结论表明:反应温度为60℃、反应时间为4 h、溶剂质量分数为20%、n TC∶n TEA=3.9时,三乙醇胺的转化率达到95.71%,产品收率达91.22%。利用1H-NMR方法表征了三(2-氯乙基)胺。