进口天然气盈亏平衡定价对市场的影响——以广州市中亚天然气为例

2011年11月底土库曼斯坦天然气经过中亚—中国天然气管道和西气东输二线管道正式向位处华南的广州市供气。然而,由于中国天然气价格与国际气价脱节,天然气进口业务陷入进口越多亏损越多的尴尬境地,提高进口气入关后的价格将有助于缓解长期以来的进口气购销价格倒挂问题。为此,以广州市为例,测算了中亚天然气盈亏平衡时不同天然气用户的气价;采用天然气与可替代能源等热值直接成本对比法,按各类天然气用户实际支付可替代能源的现有价格等热值折算分析了对应的中亚天然气价格可承受能力。结果表明:从价格承受能力来看,居民用户和公共福利用户基本上是可以承受中亚天然气盈亏平衡定价;工商业用户也有一部分可以承受上述定价,但对燃料成本占总成本比重较大的用户,承受能力则较弱;天然气发电用户无法承受上述定价,中亚天然气发电只能扮演调峰角色。考虑到西气东输管道输送的既有国产气,也有进口气,为此提出:可以将国产气的出厂价与进口气的成本价加权平均,作为西气东输天然气的"出厂价"。     

稠油热采储层精细油藏描述研究进展

就稠油热采储层精细油藏描述的技术现状看:国外已经形成了完整的研究方法和技术体系,特别是在利用地震技术对油藏开发过程监测及剩余油分布规律的精细刻画等方面,具有相当高的研究水平;国内在储层单砂体的精细刻画、隔夹层研究以及储层在热采过程中的变化规律等方面,进行了大量的研究工作,取得了一定进步。稠油热采储层研究的关键问题为地层精细划分与对比、沉积微相研究、隔夹层发育规律描述、储层综合分类评价和地质建模研究等。在此基础上认为,稠油热采储层精细油藏描述研究的主要发展方向为井震结合断裂系统的精细刻画、地质体分类评价、稠油热采储层变化规律研究、剩余油分布规律的四维地震监测和隔夹层封隔能力的物理模拟与数值模拟验证等五大方面。     

CNPC Maintains Strong Growth Momentum Both at Home and Worldwide

CNPC expects to raise its crude production by one million tons and natural gas output by 11.5 billion cubic meters in the year ahead. Priority must be given to the development of new oilfields as well as stabilization of the output of old ones if the crude production target is to be met, said Zhou Jiping, Vice President of CNPC. ＂The year of 2008 stands for a pivotal juncture for CNPC, during which a number of major projects will be carried out and all these strategic programs are vital to improving the production pattern and enhancing competitive strength of the company,＂ he added. In 2007,     

基于双椭球热源模型的立管焊接残余应力研究

根据铺管时的实际工况,建立了深水钢悬链线立管的焊接有限元模型,采用双椭球热源模型模拟焊接中的移动热源,运用Fortan语言对模型进行汇编,并运用DFLUX子程序进行ABAQUS的二次开发。在仿真中运用单元生死技术来模拟焊料单元的焊接参与情况,分别选取不同的焊接参数进行焊接模拟,利用控制变量法进行立管焊接残余热应力及其影响因素研究。研究结果表明,立管焊缝处单位体积的热输入量以及单位体积的受热时间是影响残余应力场的主要因素;立管的几何参数在影响焊接残余应力场的同时也影响残余应力场应力较高区域,当其他焊接参数和焊接过程参数不变时,增大立管外径或减小壁厚均会造成更大的残余应力场和较高应力范围;焊接开始和结束位置的应力波动由材料受热不均匀造成。     

脉冲柱塞加砂压裂新工艺及其在川西地区的先导试验

加砂压裂一直在追求支撑剂的更好铺置,从而形成更长的有效裂缝和更高的导流能力,但是常规工艺总是难以令人满意。在理论分析、PT软件模拟、基础实验及创新性物模实验研究的基础上,通过特殊的泵注程序及纤维、液体等辅助工程手段,研发了一种脉冲柱塞加砂新工艺。该新工艺形成的开放性渗流通道铺砂剖面较之常规工艺在有效缝长和导流能力上具有明显优势,开放性渗流通道有助于改善裂缝清洁度、降低人工裂缝的压降,从而达到延长单井采油气寿命、提高产能效益的目的。在完成原理研究及新工艺优化设计的基础上,进行了现场先导应用与详细的压后评估。结果表明:该工艺可操作性强、实施可行,与地质条件相当的邻井相比,支撑剂成本降低44%~47%、有效缝长与支撑缝长的比值提高约16%,测试18 h返排率高达63%、归一化产量是邻井的1.9~2.3倍,降本增效、提高产量效果明显。该技术在四川盆地川西地区浅中层砂岩气藏及页岩气藏的开发中具有推广价值。     

孔洞型碳酸盐岩油藏不同开发方式物理模拟研究

对于孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层,由于其特殊的孔洞结构特征,一般情况下很难使用其真实岩心开展长岩心驱替实验。在不影响原有岩心孔渗结构的基础上,对岩心表面凹陷处进行特殊填补处理,以达到长岩心实验要求。文中在油藏实际条件下,开展长岩心衰竭开采实验,水驱、气驱开发实验和气水交替驱实验,统计分析不同开发方式下各阶段的驱油效率,对比评价不同开发方式的开发效果。结果表明:衰竭开采最终采收率高达30.94%;水驱开发中,适当延迟转注时间能够充分发挥弹性驱油和溶解气驱油作用,提高最终采收率,并确定最佳转注压力为80%泡点压力;气驱开发中,气体突破速度快,突破后产油量急剧下降,采收率较低;气水交替驱能有效降低含水率,提升高含水期原油采收率,在高压高含水阶段转气水交替的开发效果更为显著。该实验为合理开发孔洞型碳酸盐岩油藏提供了基础数据和技术支撑。     

Commercial Production of Novel Catalyst for Isomerization ofC8 Aromatics at SINOPEC

正The novel catalyst for isomerization of C8 aromatics de veloped by SINOPE’s Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP)has been produced in commercia scale at the Catalyst Factory of the Fushun Petrochemica Company following two scale-up experiments.The said     

Successful Commissioning of 0.5 Mt/a MTP Unit at ShenhuaNingxia Coal Industry Group

正On August 27,2014 all production units of the 0.5 Mt/a methanol-to-olefins(MTP)project owned by the Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group(SNCIG)have been delivering qualified propylene with a purity of 99.88%and the 1102K-grade PP product to symbolize the successful commissioning of the MTP project at the first     

GWDC to Become Domestically First-class and Internationally Advanced General Contractor in Petroleum Engineering Technology Market

正Status Greatwall Drilling Company(GWDC),an integrated petroleum engineering services company,mainly focuses on drilling,geophysical prospecting,logging,cementing as well as the development of oil well construction including top driving,mud,and well completion.It provides general contracting services of well construction for oilfield development.What's more,GWDC devotes major efforts to reservoir geological study,workover and lateral drilling,acid fracturing treatment of formations,gas development,providing other rated technical services;It is dedicated to becoming the general contractor of petroleum engineering technologies in the world.     

China＇s Oil ＆ Gas Industry Overview in 2013 and Outlook for 2014

Overview of development in China＇s oil and gas industry in 2013
China＇s economy grew slowly but steadily, at an expected annual rate of 7.6%, and investment as a contribution towards economic growth increased
In 2013, the economy of China entered a transition period of slow but steady growth, with the annual GDP growth expected to be 7.6%, after a down-and-up swing. Driven by policies ensuring steady growth, investment once again became the main driving force of economic growth.     

＂The SRCA-1 Package Technology for Production of Biodiesel＂ PassedTechnical Appraisal of Sinopec Corporation

On October 14, 2014 the project ＂The SRCA-1 packagetechnology for production of biodiesel＂ jointly undertakenby the SINOPEC Research Institute of PetroleumProcessing and the SINOPEC＇s Shijiazhuang Refiningand Chemical Branch Company had passed the technicalappraisal organized by the SINOPEC Science ＆ TechnicalDivision.     

CNPC to Restructure Its Natural Gas and Pipelines Business

China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC）, the country＇s largest energy producer, is seeking to combine units to create a single gas company to compete with private rivals, ahead of an inflow of Russian fuel at the end of the decade. According to the plan which is under consideration, CNPC＇s Hong Kong-listed unit Kunlun Energy Co. Ltd. is likely to buy unlisted PetroChina Kunlun Gas Co. Kunlun Energy is CNPC＇s main commercial gas supplier in China, while Kunlun Gas distributes fuel to households in more than 100 Chinese cities.     

China and Russia Sign Long-awaited Gas Deal

China and Russia finally inked the long-awaited gas deal in Shanghai on May 21, ending the decade-long natural gas supply talks between the two neighbors. The supply deal came one day after visiting Russian President Vladimir Putin said that ＂significant progress＂ had been made over the price in the lengthy talks. Two documents, China and Russia Purchase and Sales Contract on East Route Gas Project and a memorandum, were signed at a ceremony attended by Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin.     

Review of China's Oil and Gas Policies in 2013

Accelerating the development of CBM and shale gas
According to the Twelfth-Five-Year Plan of Development and Utilization of CBM （2011-2015）, China＇s CBM production will reach 30 billion cubic meters in 2015. To realize the target, China unveiled a batch of polices to support the development of CBM.     

New Generation Green Technology for Synthesis of Methacrolein,Methacrylate and Methallyl Alcohol

The first in China 10-kt/a-class commercial demonstrationunit for manufacture of MMA with coproduction ofMAO set up at Heze city, Shandong province has been tillnow operating for nearly 8000 hours with the unit runningsmoothly to deliver quality products. It means that Chinahas the new generation green technology with independentintellectual property rights to manufacture a series ofproducts including methacrolein, methacrylate and methallylalcohol.     

多因素影响下低渗透气藏动态储量计算新方法

低渗透气藏渗流过程中,受滑脱效应、应力敏感性和启动压力梯度等因素影响,且通过传统流动物质平衡法进行低渗透气藏动态储量计算时需要关井恢复获得地层压力参数.针对低渗透气藏的实际问题,文中运用考虑多因素影响的产能公式与物质平衡方程相结合建立多目标函数的方法,通过遗传算法时井底压力和产气量进行拟合,得到计算低渗透气藏合理动态储量的新方法.研究表明,考虑多因素的影响,新方法计算得到的动态储量值较为准确,将其应用于实际低渗透气藏动态储量的计算,取得了较好的效果.新方法对低渗透气藏动态储量计算具有重要意义.     

基于改进型阿奇公式法定量评价水淹层

阿奇公式是计算含油饱和度的基础,但利用此公式计算水淹层含油饱和度、定量评价水淹层时存在局限性,主要是未考虑主要参数的动态变化。文中针对水淹层受注入水影响不断变化的特点,通过岩电实验数据,分析了注入水矿化度对阿奇公式中岩电参数和地层水电阻率的影响,建立了油田开发中后期储层岩电参数和地层水电阻率与地层水矿化度的函数关系,实现了岩电参数和地层水电阻率的反演,进而提出了适用于开发中后期水淹层含油饱和度计算的阿奇公式优化模型。实际资料解释表明,改进模型能很好地考虑生产资料的动态变化,能精确计算出水淹层的含油饱和度,结合含水率,为定量分级评价水淹层提供了科学依据。     

页岩储层中同步压裂形成复杂缝网可行性研究

同步压裂能够更好地利用2个井筒中裂缝诱导应力干扰,降低地应力差异系数,使页岩油气藏产生更加复杂的裂缝形态。文中运用位移不连续理论,建立了二维平面裂缝诱导应力场数学模型,讨论了页岩储层形成复杂缝网所需要的地应力条件,分析了裂缝净压力、裂缝参数和原地应力场等因素对同步压裂形成裂缝网络复杂程度的影响规律。结果表明,裂缝净压力越大、裂缝长度越长、原地应力差异越小,页岩储层形成复杂缝网的可行性越大。研究结果对判断我国页岩油气藏能否应用同步压裂形成复杂缝网具有一定的理论指导意义。     

热化学剂性能评价及辅助水平井蒸汽驱可视化实验

针对孤岛油田中二北区稠油油藏单纯蒸汽驱开发效果差的问题,利用室内实验对洗油剂氮气泡沫的热化学复合流体改善蒸汽驱开发效果进行了研究。发泡剂性能评价实验中,以泡沫发泡体积、半衰期和阻力因子来评价洗油剂对发泡剂性能的影响。实验结果表明,洗油剂与发泡剂有良好的配伍性,洗油剂能够增强发泡剂的发泡能力、泡沫的稳定及封堵性能。二维可视化实验表明:水平井蒸汽驱波及范围有限,注入洗油剂氮气泡沫的复合流体后,能够有效提高蒸汽驱剩余油的效率,泡沫的封堵作用则能够大大提高油层波及范围,与单纯蒸汽驱相比,复合流体的波及效率增加了27.25百分点。实验结果为中二北区稠油油藏热化学驱油先导试验提供了依据。     

BIM技术在大型LNG储罐建设中的应用前景

大型LNG储罐的建设具有涉及专业繁多并交叉作业、工艺技术要求高、建设周期长和运营维护复杂等特点。因此,科学的管理方法和先进的工程建设理念对提高储罐建设的质量和效率、节约成本等方面具有重要的作用和意义。BIM(Building Infotmation Modeling)技术采用4D建模方法对建设工程的全部相关信息进行系统化管理,并通过统一控制和无缝交流的共享方式实现工程建设目标。结合大型LNG储罐建设的自身特点,引入BIM技术,通过建立虚拟模型和模拟工况,可对整个工程建设和运营过程进行优化控制,最终达到提高质量和节约成本等目的。鉴于中国目前已掌握了大型LNG储罐建设的传统管理方法和建造技术,引入BIM技术的条件基本具备。在未来LNG产业的发展中,该技术将在大型LNG储罐的全过程管理中发挥重要的作用。同时还建议,受技术垄断的限制,我国应加强"标准统一、技术同步、知识产权"等方面的攻关研究。