镀铝板用耐高温型无铬钝化结合机理及性能

传统的有机类无铬钝化产品在400 ℃的高温条件下黄变较重,在保持优异的耐高温前提下,同时具有优异的耐蚀性和加工性能,设计了镀铝板使用的无机类加少量有机类的无铬钝化产品。利用电化学工作站、X射线光电子能谱、X射线荧光谱、红外光谱等方法,对该无铬钝化药剂在热镀铝板表面的成膜机理进行了研究,并结合成膜动力学分析,完成了皮膜与铝硅镀层的界面结合机理分析。对膜重、固化温度对镀铝板工艺性能影响进行研究,得出综合性能优异的膜重控制范围为0.8～1.2 g/m2,对应的PMT温度大于80 ℃。所生产的无铬钝化热镀铝板产品耐高温、耐腐蚀和冲压性能优异,400 ℃烘烤2 h后表面色差ΔE＜3,72 h中性盐雾试验未出现锈蚀。     

附加外场力对锌锅表层锌液流动和锌渣分布的影响

实测了热镀锌锌锅表层锌液的流速,并分析了锌锅浮渣的分布特点,提出了一种在锌锅锌液上方主动加载外场力作用以驱动锌液流动进而改变锌渣分布的新方法,称为锌渣流动管理方法(DFMS-Dross Flowing Management System)。通过源力加载的方式修正了流体动量守恒方程,建立了锌液流场数值计算模型,模拟了不同外场力加载布局下锌锅表层锌液的流场。结果表明,附加外场力作用可有效促进锌锅表层锌液的切向流动,最大切向流速可达0.8 m/s;表层锌液的切向流动可拖动锌渣跟随流动,进而改变锌渣分布,促进锌锅排渣,证实了DFMS的有效性。模拟结果还表明,锌锅表层锌液的切向流速受外场力加载时间的影响较小,而随加载外场力的增大而增大,但加载外场力的大小对100~200 mm深锌液的流速影响较小。最后,通过定义锌锅表层锌液的排渣时间因子讨论了不同外场力加载方式的排渣效率。     

Feedforward control of the transverse strip profile in hot-dip galvanizing lines

Hot-dip galvanizing is a standard technology to produce coated steel strips. The primary objective of the galvanizing process is to establish a homogeneous zinc layer with a defined thickness. One condition to achieve this objective is a uniform transverse distance between the strip and the gas wiping dies, which blow off excessive liquid zinc. Therefore, a flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies is required. However, strips processed in such plants often exhibit residual curvatures which entail unknown flatness defects of the strip. Such flatness defects cause non-uniform air gaps and hence an inhomogeneous zinc coating thickness. Modern hot-dip galvanizing lines often use electromagnets to control the transverse strip profile near the gas wiping dies. Typically, the control algorithms ensure a flat strip profile at the electromagnets because the sensors for the transverse strip displacement are also located at this position and it is unfeasible to mount displacement sensors directly at the gas wiping dies. This brings along that in general a flatness defect remains at the gas wiping dies, which in turn entails a suboptimal coating.In this paper, a model-based method for a feedforward control of the strip profile at the position of the gas wiping dies is developed. This method is based on a plate model of the axially moving strip that takes into account the flatness defects in the strip. First, an estimator of the flatness defects is developed and validated for various test strips and settings of the plant. Using the validated mathematical model, a simulation study is performed to compare the state-of-the-art control approach (flat strip profile at the electromagnets) with the optimization-based feedforward controller (flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies) proposed in this paper. Moreover, the influence of the distance between the gas wiping dies and the electromagnets is investigated in detail.     

热镀锌带钢表面色差缺陷形成机理及改进措施

为了消除热镀锌板卷的色差缺陷，从热轧、镀锌、冲压工艺对色差缺陷形成机理进行分析。导致热镀锌板卷色差缺陷的主要原因有原料表面粗糙度不均匀、锌层厚度不均、冲压导致锌层开裂。针对这3种不同原因，制定了相应措施在热轧工序冷却装置上进行边部遮蔽；提高沉没辊安装精度、调节镀后冷却段移动风箱上下表面的风量；冲压模具表面强化、润滑等，有效减少了色差缺陷的不合格率。     

Studies on the potential risk of liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC) in normal‐temperature and high‐temperature hot‐dip galvanizing of high strength bolts of dimensions greater M24

Liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC) mainly occurs due to an unfavorable interaction of three factors: a susceptible material condition, presence of a liquid metal and sufficient tensile stress. Hot‐dip galvanizing of high‐strength bolts induces high thermal loads in bolts made of tempered steel in the presence of a zinc melt and thus, provides the boundary conditions for the above mentioned critical factors to interact. The focus of this study is on investigating thermally‐induced stresses in large diameter bolts and their impact on the formation of liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC). In order to calculate the thermal loads in hot‐dip galvanizing, simulations were carried out regarding the thermo‐mechanical behavior of bolts during the hot‐dip galvanizing process. The simulations illustrate that cracks are most likely to occur in the first thread turn. This prediction is confirmed by experimental observations.     

低碳铝镇静钢热镀锌表面粗晶缺陷形成原因及对策

低碳铝镇静钢热镀锌板表面易产生"指甲印"缺陷,缺陷主要分布在整卷带钢带中1/3长度位置、带钢表面中间位置。通过金相观察可以确认缺陷处因晶粒明显长大,形成粗晶,晶界处开裂表现为"指甲印"缺陷。低碳铝镇静钢在热轧工序生产时的卷取温度为730℃,这个温度恰好处于A_1温度以上,卷取后带钢仍处在奥氏体和铁素体两相区。在卷取后,带中1/3位置散热较慢,温度保持在A_1线以上,奥氏体晶粒在此温度下继续长大,形成粗大晶粒。在冷轧工序的生产过程中,带钢表面受压应力和切应力作用,粗大的晶粒沿边界开裂,表现为"指甲印"缺陷。通过降低热轧卷取温度,使带钢卷取后的温度处于A_1线以下,带钢组织由铁素体和渗碳体组成,使带钢晶粒在卷取后冷却的过程中不再长大形成粗晶,消除了低碳铝镇静钢热镀锌带钢表面"指甲印"缺陷。     

攀钢镀锌机组连续退火炉在线控制系统

针对攀钢现有的自动化控制模式,开发出一种在线优化二级控制系统（L2）。介绍了L2系统的组成及其功能。系统在线投入后运行稳定,各项生产技术指标得到了系统的优化,极大地减少了生产过程中生产参数的人工输入。     

热镀锌生产线中浴装机器气刀精度调整的研究

热镀锌生产线中浴装机器（ YG设备）的气刀装置精度是决定镀锌工序的关键因素，对整个镀锌板材产品质量具有重要意义。本文研究了气刀装置精度调整的方法，通过解体控制优化、气刀喷嘴开口度优化、气刀平行度控制优化以及气刀升降位置优化，使镀锌板上气刀痕迹显著减少，从而提高镀锌板产品的质量。     

Influence of Oxide Morphologies on Galvanizability of Third Generation Automotive Steel

Focusing on improving the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel, the effect of surface ox ide morphologies on the galvanizability was studied. The results show that the surface oxide types of sample steels by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis after annealing in different conditions are the same. Only MnO, MnO2 and Cr2O3 were detected and no complex oxide exists on the surface. Morphologies of surface oxides can greatly influence the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel. Nodule-like oxide surface can contribute to better wettability and inhibition layer than vitreous film like oxide surface. Galvanized panels of nodule-like oxide surface steels only show pinhole sized bare spots, while panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels reveal larger areas of bare spots and uncoated areas. Inhibition layer observed in galvanized panels of nodule-like oxide surface steels is compact but not homogeneous; some inhibition layer grains are fine, and others are coarse, while the inhibition layer grains of panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels have a non-compact morphology with some particularly fine equiaxed crystals which developed deficiently.     

厚板热镀锌退火炉的改良工艺和设备技术特点

分析了厚板尤其是热轧板热镀锌采用无氧化炉(NOF)与传统改良森吉米尔法退火炉的不同之处.重点介绍了某厂高温结合炉外氢气处理技术对厚板热处理的影响,以及相应的技术决策.