Manufacturing catalyst-coated membranes by ultrasonic spray deposition for PEMFC: Identification of key parameters and their impact on PEMFC performance

This study deals with the manufacturing of catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) for newcomers in the field of coating. Although there are many studies on electrode ink composition for improving the performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), there are few papers dealing with electrode coating itself. Usually, it is a know-how that often remains secret and constitutes the added value of scientific teams or the business of industrialists. In this paper, we identify and clarify the role of key parameters to improve coating quality and also to correlate coating quality with fuel cell performance via polarization curves and electrochemical active surface area measurements. We found that the coating configurations can affect the performance of lab-made CCMs in PEMFCs. After the repeatability of the performance obtained by our coating method has been proved, we show that: (i) edge effects, due to mask shadowing - cannot be neglected when the active surface area is low, (ii) a heterogeneous thickness electrode produces performance lower than a homogeneous thickness electrode, and (iii) the origin and storage of platinum on carbon powders are a very important source of variability in the obtained results.     

Experimental research on micro hole drilling of polycrystalline Nd:YAG

Polycrystalline Nd:YAG materials have wide applications in solid-state lasers. In this study, micro hole drilling experiments were performed on polycrystalline Nd:YAG using a polycrystalline diamond micro drill. The hole diameter, edge chipping, and hole wall surface quality were examined in detail. The results showed that the hole diameter was slightly larger than tool diameter. A diameter error of less than 5.5% was achieved. The edge chipping at the entry hole was formed by the encircled petal shape exfoliations, which were produced by the indentation and rotation movement in the drilling entry stage. Edge chipping at the exit hole was generated by an entire piece of exfoliation, which was produced by a circle of microcracks around the tool tip propagating to the bottom surface in the drilling exit stage. The edge chipping width at the entry hole was smaller than that at the exit hole. Based on different material removal modes, the hole surface morphology was classified into three types: ductile removal, coexisting ductile and brittle removal, and brittle removal. The hole surface quality mainly depended on the proportion of the brittle fracture to ductile removal surface.     

Influence of silicon carbide on structural,optical and magnetic properties of Wollastonite/Fe2O3 nanocomposites

The influence of adding 10, 20 and 30% molar ratio of silicon carbide (SiC) separately to a composite of wollastonite (W) with a fixed content of 10%Fe₂O₃ prepared by wet precipitation method was studied. The crystal structure of the annealed composite powders was inspected by X-ray diffraction (XRD); revealing multi-phase structure. The highest estimated crystallite size investigated by Scherrer equation of W, SiC, WFe:SiC₁₀, WFe:SiC₂₀ and WFe:SiC₃₀ were 53.89, 54.6, 56.3, 48.5 and 54.6 nm respectively; demonstrating the formation of nanocomposites. Particles shape, size and crystallinity of the samples were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The band gap E_g values of the nanocomposites increased with SiC content having an intermediate value that lies between that of γ-Fe₂O₃ (maghemite) and SiC. Ferromagnetic and paramagnetic contributions were observed in the magnetic hysteresis loops for the composites. This study highlighted that the coercive field (H_ci) of the composites improved with increasing the SiC content. The innovative wollastonite/Fe₂O₃/SiC with amended magnetic properties elicited attention due to their promising application in bone filler and industrial purposes.     

我国中空吹塑行业发展现状及“十四五”期间重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向

从原料、中空成型机和吹塑工艺等方面介绍了我国中空吹塑行业发展现状，并对电子化学品专用超洁净桶、高压储氢四型瓶、全电动中空成型机、微发泡中空成型技术和挤吹聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）容器等在“十四五”期间的重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向进行了展望。     

Microstructure-abrasive wear correlation of in situ ZA27/TiC composites

Abrasive wear is a complex surface degradation process driven by various factors such as microstructure, the mechanical properties of the target material, the abrasive, loading conditions, and the surrounding environment. In this study, in situ TiC reinforced Zinc Aluminum alloy composites were prepared through a liquid metallurgy route and the synergistic effect of applied load, sliding speed, abrasive grit size and TiC content on the high-stress abrasive wear response were investigated. The test materials' wear response was established by characterising wear surfaces, sub-surfaces, debris particles, and an abrasive medium. The study suggests that the wear resistance of the specimens decreases with an increase in the applied load, and the composite reinforced with 10 wt % of TiC shows superior wear behaviour among all the test materials. The study also points out that the ZA-27 alloy reinforced with in situ TiC can be a suitable replacement of the conventionally used materials for automotive applications.     

公民水素养评价表征因素模型构建与分析

针对我国水资源紧缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等相关水问题,以提升全民爱水惜水节水护水的意识和能力为目标,从水素养概念出发,通过扎根理论质性研究方法对公民水素养评价的表征因素进行筛选和提炼,最终得出包含水知识、水态度、水行为为主范畴的10个表征因素并运用解释结构模型(ISM)深入剖析各因素之间的内在联系。在此基础上建立了3级多层次递阶结构模型,进一步精确描述系统各要素两两之间的直接关系。结果表明:公民水素养评价的表征因素自上而下形成了表象层、中间层和根源层等3个层级,可直观、清晰地反映表征因素之间的递阶、层级关系;水态度在各表征因素中具有调节作用以及各表征因素之间存在内在逻辑关系。研究成果为提高公民水素养水平提供一定的科学依据和政策参考。     

一种压电半导体纳米线的热电耦合性能研究

采用有限元分析方法,研究了一种n型压电半导体纳米线(氧化锌)的电热耦合性能,分析了外部温度对氧化锌纳米线内部机械场、电场及电流场分布的影响,并讨论了本构方程线性化对电学参数的影响。研究结果表明,温度对氧化锌纳米线的电场、载流子浓度和电流密度影响很大,采用线性本构和非线性本构求得的电场、电子浓度和电流密度最大相差分别为24%,32%和68%,基于非线性本构分析压电半导体的电学性能会引起很大误差。该研究结果可为压电半导体器件利用温度调控电场、电流提供理论依据。     

幼童用智能示警蚕丝被的研发

针对幼童自我控制能力和抵抗力较弱,易因踢被子引发感冒等疾病这一特定场景,通过将微型传感器植入蚕丝被特定部位中,以蓝牙通信方式广播传感器采集到的温度数据,手机APP读取到数据后,利用踢被温度变化逻辑判断模型进行分析,达到设定的逻辑判定条件后,在手机端发出声音和振动示警,开发出能够对踢被进行识别和示警的蚕丝被新产品。最后,根据检测评价指标与方法对试制产品进行了测试。结果显示:在报警时间阈值大于或等于7 min和踢掉全部被子条件下,报警成功率为100%;报警时间阈值偏差延时小于或等于3 min、正常睡眠过程中无误报警;对部分踢被等特殊情况也有一定辨识度。     

着-聚赖氨酸/淀粉抑菌膜的制备及性能检测

对以淀粉为成膜基质,海藻酸钠和甘油为增塑剂,ε-聚赖氨酸为抑菌剂的淀粉基抑菌膜进行研究,并对其抑菌性和膜性能进行检测。结果表明,ε-聚赖氨酸对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1、2、2μg/mL,而将ε-聚赖氨酸添加到淀粉膜后,最低抑菌浓度都提高到64 mg/g,对淀粉膜和抑菌膜的力学性能、红外光谱检测、透气性和透油性及膜液的流变性、接触角等比较,差异较小。     

表面印迹耦合溶胶-凝胶法制备4-硝基酚印迹材料及性能表征

采用表面印迹和溶胶?凝胶相结合的方法，以4-硝基酚(4-NP)为模板分子、α-甲基丙烯酸(α-MAA)为功能单体、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂，制备可选择性识别吸附去除水中4-NP污染物的印迹吸附材料，考察了4-NP与α-MAA和4-NP与TRIM摩尔比、致孔剂种类、提取液种类对所制材料吸附性能的影响，并通过正交实验优化材料制备条件，用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪、热重?差热分析仪和纳米粒度仪等设备对最优条件下合成的材料进行了表征。结果表明，4-NP:α-MAA摩尔比为1:8，4-NP:TRIM摩尔比为1:10，致孔剂为乙醇，提取液为甲醇/乙酸(7:3，体积比)时所制印迹材料对4-NP的去除效果最佳，达6.23 μmol/g；4-NP成功印记在硅胶表面，印迹材料能特异性吸附4-NP。