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Dr. Ying Wang Prof. Dr. Andrew Ewing 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(5):807-813
Exocytosis plays an essential role in the communication between cells in the nervous system. Understanding the regulation of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis and the amount of neurotransmitter content that is stored in vesicles is of importance, as it provides fundamental insights to understand how the brain works and how neurons elicit a certain behavior. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in amperometric measurements for monitoring exocytosis in single cells and electrochemical cytometry measurements of vesicular neurotransmitter content in individual vesicles. Important steps have increased our understanding of the different mechanisms of exocytosis. Increasing evidence is firmly establishing that partial release is the primary mechanism of release in multiple cell types. 相似文献
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为了揭示供应商与承包商为主体的二级供应链中,两者间耦合作用条件下发生的供应中断对供应商最优决策及对承包商成本的影响机制,且剖析供应中断对承包商成本的冲击效应,以供应商存在高退出风险为研究对象,在仅知产量均值与方差条件下,运用Scarf提出的“极大极小值”鲁棒决策方法,通过设定不同决策情况下的供应链系统反馈,分析了不同退出标准情况下二级供应链的博弈过程。基于理论支撑下的鲁棒模型数值仿真结果得出:在退出标准α为100时,中间变量在290~350范围内,供应商存在最优决策,但承包商最优决策无法确定;与α为0时相比,在订货量达到一定状态,即α为140时,承包商成本增加了1.5%,表明承包商成本与供应商退出标准呈正相关,退出标准越高,对承包商成本造成的冲击效应越大。此研究结论为供应链初期不稳定且信息不完整条件下发生的供应中断影响机理提供了新的视角。 相似文献
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Cheng-Che Tsai Wu-Han Liao Sheng-Yuan Chu Cheng-Shong Hong Mei-Chieh Yu Yun-You Lin Zhi-Yuan Wei 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(4):2472-2481
Multilayer piezoelectric ceramics must be sintered in a reducing atmosphere, preventing oxidation of the inner base metal. Plate-like textured (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Sn, Hf)O3 ceramics with a <001> preferred orientation were successfully developed at a low oxygen partial pressure (PO2:10?8 atm) using a BaTiO3 (BT) template with sintering temperatures < 1300 °C, which is beneficial for multilayer applications using base metal co-firing with ceramics. When adding the 3 wt% BT template, the proposed samples had a Lottgering factor of 84 %, piezoelectric coefficients d33 = 324 pC/N, -d31 = 122 (pC/N), and Qm = 452, and the strain values increased from 0.07 % for the randomly oriented ceramics to 0.115 % at 20 kV/cm for the textured ceramics, confirming that the texturing behavior assisted the grain growth and improved both the soft and hard behaviors and insulation resistance of the proposed lead-free ceramics. These findings make a significant contribution to the production of high-power piezoelectric components. 相似文献
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Casein in fluid milk determines cheese yield and affects cheese quality. Traditional methods of measuring casein in milk involve lengthy sample preparations with labor-intensive nitrogen-based protein quantifications. The objective of this study was to quantify casein in fluid milk with different casein-to-crude-protein ratios using front-face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) and chemometrics. We constructed calibration samples by mixing microfiltration and ultrafiltration retentate and permeate in different ratios to obtain different casein concentrations and casein-to-crude-protein ratios. We developed partial least squares regression and elastic net regression models for casein prediction in fluid milk using FFFS tryptophan emission spectra and reference casein contents. We used a set of 20 validation samples (including raw, skim, and ultrafiltered milk) to optimize and validate model performance. We externally tested another independent set of 20 test samples (including raw, skim, and ultrafiltered milk) by root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), residual prediction deviation (RPD), and relative prediction error (RPE). The RMSEP for casein content quantification in raw, skim, and ultrafiltered milk ranged from 0.12 to 0.13%, and the RPD ranged from 3.2 to 3.4. The externally validated error of prediction was comparable to the existing rapid method and showed practical model performance for quality-control purposes. This FFFS-based method can be implemented as a routine quality-control tool in the dairy industry, providing rapid quantification of casein content in fluid milk intended for cheese manufacturing. 相似文献
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