退火温度对新型锆合金薄板带材析出相和织构的影响

采用扫描电镜和超高分辨透射电镜,对具有良好冲制性能的新型锆合金薄板成品带材进行含晶粒、第二相粒子等在内的显微组织研究,并探索真空退火处理条件下温度对带材显微组织的影响。结果显示:新型锆合金薄板成品带材晶粒平均尺寸2.17 μm,存在{0001}<1010>和{0001}<1120>两种织构,大部分晶粒<1120>平行带材RD方向,较少晶粒<1010>平行带材RD方向;第二相粒子分布在晶粒内部及晶界,平均尺寸114 nm,尺寸较大的为不规则椭圆形的Zr-Nb-Fe相,尺寸较小的为圆形的β-Nb相;热处理退火温度降低,带材晶粒尺寸减小,第二相粒子细小弥散分布;新型锆合金薄板成品带材良好冲制性能主要源于轧制积累应变诱发再结晶过程进行充分,导致晶粒细小及孪晶发生破碎;相对轧制变形,退火对带材冲制性能影响不显著。     

Improved reversible dehydrogenation properties of MgH2 by the synergetic effects of graphene oxide-based porous carbon and TiCl3

In this study, we used a combination of graphene oxide-based porous carbon (GC) and titanium chloride (TiCl₃) to improve the reversible dehydrogenation properties of magnesium hydride (MgH₂). Examining the effects of GC and TiCl₃ on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH₂, the study found GC was a useful additive as confinement medium for promoting the reversible dehydrogenation of MgH₂. And TiCl₃ was an efficient catalytic dopant. A series of controlled experiments were carried out to optimize the sample preparation method and the addition amount of GC and TiCl₃. In comparison with the neat MgH₂ system, the MgH₂/GC-TiCl₃ composite prepared under optimized conditions exhibited enhanced dehydrogenation kinetics and lower dehydrogenation temperature. A combination of phase/microstructure/chemical state analyses has been conducted to gain insight into the promoting effects of GC and TiCl₃ on the reversible dehydrogenation of MgH₂. Our study found that GC was a useful scaffold material for tailoring the nanophase structure of MgH₂. And TiCl₃ played an efficient catalytic effect. Therefore, the remarkably improved dehydrogenation properties of MgH₂ should be attributed to the synergetic effects of nanoconfinement and catalysis.     

再加工工艺对N18锆合金板残余应力的影响

采用“热轧+冷轧+退火”工艺对N18锆合金板进行再加工,通过X射线法分析板的表面残余应力,采用EBSD技术分析晶界取向差角分布和大小角度晶界。结果表明,热轧后N18锆合金板的表面残余应力呈现无规律分布状态;冷轧后板的表面残余应力均为压应力,其大小随着冷轧变形量的增加而增加;退火后板的表面残余应力值处于较低水平,当退火制度为500 ℃×2 h时,残余应力处于最低水平;退火后,板的微观结构以小角度晶界为主,且随着退火温度的升高,小角度晶界的密度先增加后趋于稳定。     

NiH/Hβ催化剂的制备及催化正己烷异构化性能

采用浸渍还原法制备了一种新型镍氢化物/分子筛（NiH/Hβ）烷烃异构化催化剂，考察了催化剂制备条件及反应条件对其催化正己烷异构化性能的影响。结果发现，当活性组分质量分数为0.5%，反应温度为300 ℃，反应压力为2.0 MPa，氢/油摩尔比为4.0及质量空速为1.0 h^-1时，NiH/Hβ催化剂催化正己烷异构化活性最优，正己烷的转化率为83.0%，异构烷烃的选择性与收率分别达到78.6%、65.2%。根据实验结果，提出了NiH/Hβ催化剂催化正己烷异构化反应机理，证明NiH金属活性中心具有良好的加氢/脱氢功能。     

Formation mechanism of hydride precipitation in commercially pure titanium

Since titanium has high affinity for hydrogen and reacts reversibly with hydrogen,the precipitation of titanium hydrides in titanium and its alloys cannot be ignored.Two most common hydride precipitates in α-Ti matrix are γ-hydride and δ-hydride,however their mechanisms for precipitation are still unclear.In the present study,we find that both γ-hydride and δ-hydride phases with different specific orienta-tions were randomly precipitated in the as-received hot forged commercially pure Ti.In addition,a large amount of the titanium hydrides can be introduced into Ti matrix with selective precipitation by using electrochemical treatment.Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to study the precipitation mechanisms of the two hydrides.It is revealed that the γ-hydride and δ-hydride precipita-tions are both formed through slip + shuffle mechanisms involving a unit of two layers of titanium atoms,but the difference is that the γ-hydride is formed by prismatic slip corresponding to hydrogen occupy-ing the octahedral sites of α-Ti,while the δ-hydride is formed by basal slip corresponding to hydrogen occupying the tetrahedral sites of cα-Ti.     

Hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of annealed low-Co AB5 type intermetallic compounds

The structure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of annealed low-Co AB₅-type intermetallic compounds have been investigated. La-alloy, Nd-alloy and Cr-alloy are used to represent La_0.8Ce_0.2Ni₄Co_0.4Mn_0.3Al_0.3, La_0.6Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Ni₄Co_0.4Mn_0.3Al_0.3 and La_0.6Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Ni_3.8Co_0.4Mn_0.3Al_0.3Cr_0.2, respectively. The XRD results indicated that annealed samples are all single-phase alloys with CaCu₅ type structure. The maximum of both hydrogen content and discharge capacity is obtained for La-alloy 1.23 wt%H₂ and 321.1 mA h/g, respectively. All the investigated alloys are quiet stable with ΔH of hydrogen desorption about 36–38 kJ/mol H₂. Cycle life of alloy electrode has been improved by partial substitution of La for Nd and Ni for Cr. The highest capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 1C has been observed for Nd-alloy. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient measured by PITT is higher at the start of charging process and dramatically reduces by 2–3 order of magnitude with saturation of β-hydride. The highest value 6.9 × 10^?13 cm²/s is observed for La alloy at 100% SOC. Partial substitution La for Nd and Cr for Ni in low-Co AB₅ metal hydride alloys slightly reduces maximum discharge capacity, HRD performance and hydrogen diffusion kinetics. Low-Co alloys show good overall electrochemical properties compared to high-Co alloys and might be perspective materials for various electrochemical applications.     

Lightweight reactor design by additive manufacturing for preheating applications using metal hydrides

Thermal energy storage systems based on metal hydrides can be a solution for preheating fuel cells (FCs). They can provide thermal energy at temperatures below −20 °C during startup, while heat at 50 °C during operation is sufficient for regeneration. The challenge of such a system in mobile applications is the final weight specific thermal power. In this study, a reactor design based on additive manufacturing techniques for ~300 g of metal hydride is presented. Here, a reactor (passive) to hydride (active) mass ratio of 0.97 is realized, still reaching high weight specific thermal power of up to 2.1 kW/kg_MH at −20 °C and 8 bar (LmNi_4.91Sn_0.15). Considering the example of preheating a FC from −20 °C in ~120 s, the performance of LaNi₅ and LmNi_4.91Sn_0.15 is studied. While LaNi₅ requires higher regeneration temperatures than LmNi_4.91Sn_0.15 (>40 °C compared to >20 °C), its performance is less sensitive to operative variations due to its nearly ideal thermodynamic characteristic.     

Investigation on standard entropy change of metal hydrides and work function of metals

We focused on the work function of metals as an index of ion binding property between metals and hydrogen and analyzed the relation between the standard entropy change of metal hydrides and the work function of metals (alloys). The standard entropy change of saline hydrides and metallic hydrides roughly increased with the work function. It was indicated that hydrogen storage alloys consist of metal elements A and B whose work functions are small and large, respectively. The standard entropy changes of alloy-based metal hydrides with different composition ratio ΔS⁰ linearly increased with the work functions of the alloys W_c. W_c also linearly increased with the bulk modulus B_c. Then, it was found that ΔS⁰ was proportional to the standard heat of formation ΔH⁰ because dW_c/dB_c, dΔS⁰/dW_c and dΔH⁰/dB_c are constant.     

Design and computational analysis of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system with hexagonal honeycomb based heat transfer enhancements-part A

In this study, design and performance analysis is carried out for a 10 kWh metal hydride based hydrogen storage system. The system is equipped with distinctive aluminium hexagonal honeycomb based heat transfer enhancements (HTE) having higher surface area to volume ratio for effective heat transfer combined with low system weight addition. The system performance was studied under different operating conditions. The optimum absorption condition was achieved at 35 bar with water at room temperature as heat transfer fluid where up to 90% absorption was completed in 7200 s. The performance of the reactor was observed to significantly improve upon the addition of the HTE network at a minimal system weight penalty.