激光打孔技术在光伏背板玻璃上的应用

双玻光伏组件以其抗PID性强、防隐裂、防水汽透过、抗蜗牛纹、可靠性优异、轻量化等诸多优点,在晶硅太阳能组件市占比逐步提高。双玻光伏组件用背板玻璃一般需要预留出线孔,光伏背板玻璃的出线孔主要有两种打孔方式:金钢钻上下同步钻孔的模式和激光打孔。激光打孔以其易维护、可异形孔加工、效率高、生产成本低等优势得到各大玻璃厂的认可。通过分析在实际生产中激光打孔出现的打孔缺陷问题,提出了改善措施,有助于工厂的降本增效。     

Mg gas infiltration for the fabrication of MgB2 pellets using nanosized and microsized B powders

MgB₂ superconductor pellets were synthesized through Mg gas infiltration method using nanosized- and microsized B powders. There was a marked difference in the superconducting properties of the two samples, particularly in the pinning force and dominant pinning mechanism. The microstructures of the samples were observed using HR-TEM and STEM-HAADF, and the results showed that the primary reason for the difference in the superconducting properties is the distribution of the nanosized second-phase particle MgO. Additionally, a feasible reaction model for the Mg gas infiltration method was established. Compared to the Mg liquid infiltration method, the gas infiltration showed better penetrability ability with a small amount of residual Mg. This study presents a novel synthesis process to fabricate an MgB₂ pellet with superior density and superconducting properties. This method can be used in multiple applications such as superconducting bearings, compact superconductor magnets, and magnetic shielding.     

Imitative Collaboration: A mirror-neuron inspired mixed reality collaboration method with remote hands and local replicas

Mixed reality can overlay and display 3D digital content in the real world, convey abstract concepts to users, and promote the understanding of complex tasks. However, the abstract graphics overlaid on the physical space may cause a certain cognitive load for local users and reduce the efficiency of collaboration. To improve the efficiency of remote collaboration, we conducted an elicitation study on assembly tasks, explored the user needs for collaboration, and defined the design goals of our remote collaboration method. Inspired by the mirror-neuron mechanism, we present an imitative collaboration method that allows local users to imitate the interaction behavior of remote users to complete tasks. We also propose a series of interaction methods for remote users to select, copy, and interact with the local point clouds to facilitate the expression of collaboration intentions. Finally, the results of a user study evaluating our imitative collaboration method on assembly tasks are reported, confirming that our method improves collaboration efficiency while reducing the cognitive load of local users.     

Self-construction of pea-like Cu/Cu2S Mott-Schottky electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction

The speed of the oxygen evolution reaction seriously affects the hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis. Hence it is crucial to develop efficient and durable OER electrocatalysts. Construction of heterojunction catalysts is also one of the strategies to develop efficient catalysts. In this paper, a pea-like Cu/Cu₂S–C3 Mott?Schottky electrocatalyst was self-constructed by vapor deposition, while CF (copper foam) was used as substrate material and copper source, and thiourea was served as sulfur source. The built-in electric field is formed at the metal-semiconductor interface, which endows it with promising electrocatalytic performance. As the working electrode, the overpotentials of Cu/Cu₂S–C3 required to reach the current density of 10 and 50 mA cm^?2 were about 170 and 335 mV. The impact of the Mott-Schottky structure on the catalyst was also reflected in stability. The i-t tests of the sample Cu/Cu₂S–C3 were carried out under 10 and 60 mA cm^?2 and performed well.     

基于VR技术的智能变电站运行仿真培训系统

为了更加真实、直观地呈现智能变电站的运行整体结构,构建基于VR技术的智能变电站运行仿真培训系统。该系统通过5个模块协同完成智能变电站运行仿真培训,结合实际变电站的设备情况,采用二维纹理映射方法完成变电站设备仿真建模;系统利用虚拟现实交互模块呈现培训场景,参与培训人员能够通过人机交互设备,实现场景漫游和相关培训内容操作。测试结果表明:该系统能够较好地模拟出智能变电站的实际运行情况,参与培训的人员可以身临其境地完成整个变电站的巡视,更真实、直观地呈现智能变电站的整体状态。     

Impacts of knowledge expectations on recipients’ continuous cross-project learning intention

Given the importance of cross-project learning for continuous improvement in project-based organizations (PBOs), few studies have revealed how recipient employees’ expectations of internal and external knowledge results influence their continuance intention. Thus this study examines the impact of recipients’ internal knowledge expectations—perceived internal knowledge usefulness, growth, and accessibility-and positive expectation confirmation on their continuous cross-project learning intention and the moderating role of perceived external knowledge usefulness between internal knowledge expectations and continuance intention. Results of 318 valid questionnaires form China shows that recipients’ continuous cross-project learning intention is directly and positively affected by their internal knowledge expectations and satisfaction with learning, and is indirectly affected by their positive expectation confirmation through the mediating effect of internal knowledge expectations and satisfaction. Perceived external knowledge usefulness negatively moderates the relationship between perceived internal knowledge usefulness and continuance intention. Furthermore, the theoretical and practical implications of this study are presented along with acknowledged limitations and suggestions for further work.     

Sustainable phenolic thermosets coatings derived from urushiol

The over-exploitation of finite fossil resources and/or the increased environmental and sustainable awareness inspire scientists and technologists to search for inexpensive alternatives from renewable chemicals. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins, the oldest type of synthetic polymers with good mechanical properties and heat resistance, are widely used in the production of coatings, laminates, molding compositions, and glues. Here, biobased urushiol-derived PF resins were synthesized from the alkali-catalyzed reaction between urushiol and formaldehyde. The chemical compositions and molecular structures of resole resins were characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The as-prepared urushiol-derived resole resins had methylol (Ph−CH₂OH), ortho- and para-hemiformal groups (Ph−CH₂OCH₂OH), and the para−para/ortho−para/ortho−ortho links of methylene groups (Ph−CH₂−Ph), whereas the resole resins had low curing temperatures at about 100–113°C. Additionally, given the long side alkyl group moiety on the aromatic rings of urushiol, the films of cured urushiol-derived resole resins had low glass transition temperatures of 132 ± 2°C. Furthermore, the as-prepared urushiol-derived coatings exhibited excellent physical and mechanical properties.     

Stable Radicals with Protective Umbrellas Integrated on the Surface of 2D Layered Materials

Radicals are closely related to human life and health and have been widely used in biology, chemistry, functional materials, etc. However, the high reactivity, disorder, and short half-lives limit their wide applications. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to prepare stable and ordered radicals. Herein, radicals are prepared with protective umbrellas (diethylmethyleneamine, DEMA) that are integrated on the surface of 2D layered materials to isolate water and oxygen and enhance the stability of radicals. Taking 2D black phosphorus (BP) as an example: triethylamine reacts with dichloromethane to form quaternary ammonium salts with further Hoffmann elimination to produce DEMA radicals that could react with one electron of a lone pair electrons in P on the surface of BP to produce P radicals, which shows a prolonged half-life of 21 days at room temperature. First-principle calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance fitting confirm that the steric hindrance constructed by dense DEMA passivation layer acts as a protective umbrella and the 2D coupling of P radicals and other P atoms in 2D BP plane to enhance the stability and strong superexchange interaction of P radicals. Furthermore, it is a general strategy to produce stable radicals integrated on the 2D plane.     

Compressive thermal stress and microstructure-driven charge carrier transport in silicon oxycarbide thin films

This work correlates the charge carrier transport mechanism of silicon oxycarbide-based thin films with their morphology and thermal stress. Segregation of highly-graphitized carbon-rich, oxygen-depleted C/SiC areas homogeneously dispersed within an oxygen-rich C/SiOC matrix was seen on the 500 nm-SiOC thin films. Compressive biaxial stress induced by the mismatch with the Si-substrate thermal expansion coefficient was calculated at 109 MPa. Through Hall measurements, p-type carriers were shown dominating the SiOC film similar to monolithic samples. Thin films and monoliths have comparable carrier concentrations while the carrier mobility in SiOC thin films was 2 magnitudes higher than that of monolithic samples and is considered a consequence of the compressive thermal stress acting on the film. Improved conductivity of 16 S cm -1 is measured for the SiOC thin film sample which is assumed considering the enhanced carrier mobility alongside the reduced percolation threshold ascribed to the phase-separated morphology of the thin film.