硬质合金激光改性协同仿生微织构对硼掺杂金刚石涂层性能的影响

目的 研制应用于超精密加工领域的高性能金刚石涂层,探究硬质合金基体表面激光微织构对硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)涂层沉积质量的影响,分析不同类型的仿生微织构对基–膜结合强度、工具切削性能的改善效果及原因。方法 在硬质合金表面使用激光脉冲制备不同类型的仿生微织构,并通过热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)法在刀具表面沉积BDD涂层。采用数显洛氏硬度计(HRS-150)、超景深三维显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、白光干涉表面轮廓仪、拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品进行表征。通过压痕试验及铣削试验研究涂层的附着强度和刀具的切削性能。结果 激光微织构边缘发生表面硬化。激光微织构区域沉积BDD涂层后,基体表面缺陷显著降低,织构内部金刚石晶粒更密集,沉积质量提升,三角织构(TT)边缘的金刚石颗粒堆积坡度最缓,不同类型的织构化BDD涂层的粗糙度、金刚石纯度、切削性能及附着强度均不同,涂层附着力与表面硬度呈正相关。硼掺杂三角织构(BDTTD)涂层刀具具有最佳的切削性能。结论 织构边缘和内部具有更高的金刚石二次成核率和沉积质量。织构的存在可以提升BDD涂层的附着强度和刀具性能,并且织构边缘的涂层附着力最强,这些得益于激光烧蚀及仿生微织构对硬质合金表面的硬化及对BDD涂层内在缺陷的修复。     

织构参数对不锈钢与猪股骨间摩擦性能的影响

采用YLP-F20激光打标机在4Cr13不锈钢圆盘试件表面加工出不同尺寸的沟槽微织构试样;将织构试样与新鲜猪股骨制成的骨棒试样构成销-盘摩擦副,在立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损试验,研究微织构参数对不锈钢与猪股骨在生理盐水润滑下的摩擦特性的影响。结果表明:沟槽型的摩擦因数比无沟槽的要小,在文中研究的范围内摩擦因数随着沟槽宽度的增加而减小,随着沟槽间角度的增加而增加;对加工微织构后的表面进行处理对摩擦因数的影响很大。文中研究范围内宽度200μm、深度20μm、角度1.21°微织构组合,相比较于无微织构试件摩擦因数最大降低了36.4%。     

Phase determination and microstructure of oxide scales formed on steel at high temperature

Even in simple low-alloy steels the oxide scales that form during hot working processes are often a complex mixture of three iron oxide phases: haematite, magnetite and wüstite. The mechanical properties, and hence descalability, are intimately linked with phase distribution and microstructure, which in turn are sensitive to both steel composition and oxidation conditions. In this study electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM has been used to characterize the microstructures of oxide scales formed on two compositions of low-alloy steel. The technique can unambiguously differentiate between the candidate phases to provide the phase distribution within the scale. This is used to investigate grain orientation relationships both within and between phase layers. It has been found that the strength of the orientational relationship between the magnetite and wüstite layers is dependent on steel composition, and in particular Si content. In a low-Si (0.01 wt%) alloy only a very weak relationship was found to exist for a range of oxidation temperatures (800–1000 °C), whereas for the higher Si (0.37 wt%) alloy a strong relationship was observed under the same oxidation conditions. These orientational relationships are particularly important because, in this temperature range, the majority of oxide scale growth occurs at the magnetite/wüstite interphase boundary.     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的组织及取向变化

利用ＳＥＭ,ＴＥＭ及ＥＢＳＤ研究了低碳钢在７５０℃ ,１０ｓ－１应变速率条件下形变过冷奥氏体的组织及取向变化．结果表明,组织演变由二个阶段组成,形变前期是以形变强化相变铁素体转变为主;当应变达到一定时,以铁素体的动态再结晶为主．应变量较小时,形变强化相变铁素体晶粒优先在原奥氏体晶界形核,随应变量的增加,以相界前沿畸变区的反复形核为主,铁素体转变量逐渐提高,同时珠光体等第二组织增多,铁素体晶粒内部位错密度提高．铁素体连续动态再结晶初期亚晶在珠光体与铁素体交界处优先形成．随应变增加频率提高．形变前期＜００１＞织构为相变铁素体在取向上的特征;形变后期＜１１１＞织构是动态再结晶铁素体在取向上的特征．     

低碳钢显微结构的EBSD表征

近年来,新开发的电子背散射衍射技术将多晶材料的显微组织、微区成分与结晶学数据分析联系起来,能对晶界类型、取向、位向差和结构及其分布进行观察、统计测定和定量分析,从而建立了晶界结构、取向和织构等与多晶材料性能的定量和半定量关系,成为现代材料研究的重要实验技术。笔者结合低碳钢生产中的一些实际问题,扼要介绍了电子背散射衍射技术中的晶体取向图在多晶材料显微结构表征中的应用。     

AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)原位跟踪实验方法研究了AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律。在温度为170℃条件下,研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板材经过3次连续真空压缩(变形量分别为11%、17%和23%)时,其相同观察区域的微观织构演变。研究结果表明,AZ31镁合金轧制板材的微观织构为典型的(0001)基面织构。当温度为170℃、变形量为11%时,晶粒取向发生显著改变,大部分晶粒都发生了完全孪生,只有少数发生部分孪生,原始的基面轧制织构大幅减弱,孪生变体符合60°/1010和86.3°/1210取向关系。随着变形量的增加,滑移开始启动,孪晶晶界减少,织构变化不明显。压缩变形过程微观织构演变机理主要以拉伸孪生为主,基本上没有压缩孪生出现。     

过冷Ni-15％Cu合金组织与微观织构演化规律

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热方法实现Ni-15％Cu（摩尔分数）合金的深过冷。采用再辉后自然冷却和水淬两种方式研究凝固冷却对凝固组织和微观织构的影响。在小过冷度下,自然冷却条件下晶粒细化组织呈随机位向,而快淬条件下晶粒细化组织呈集中位向,但均无退火孪晶;在大过冷度下,晶粒细化组织呈随机位向,大量退火孪晶出现,再结晶和晶粒长大发生。分析表明：在小过冷度和大过冷度下的晶粒细化组织的微观织构形成过程中,对流和再结晶起重要作用。     

Cu对IF钢再结晶动力学的影响

用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、扫描探针（ＥＰＭＡ）及其ＥＢＳＤ附件等分析手段系统研究了不同Ｃｕ含量对ＩＦ钢再结晶动力学行为的影响。结果表明弥散析出的富Ｃｕ相阻碍含Ｃｕ ＩＦ钢的再结晶过程。利用ＥＢＳＤ技术,首次观察地ＩＦ钢再结晶显微组织中有两类晶粒：其中一类具有对深冲性有利的γ纤维织构,另一类具有分散的显微织构,其主要组分为ＲＤ∥〈１１０〉,ＮＤ∥〈３３２〉。讨论了两类晶粒的形成机制。     

5A90Al-Li合金超塑性变形过程中的显微组织及微观织构演变

通过采用电子背散射衍射技术研究具有扁平状组织的5A90 Al-Li合金板材在变形条件475℃、8×10^-4S^-1时的显微组织演变。结果表明,在进行超塑性变形前,其显微组织表现为扁平状组织,具有大量的小角度晶界,且初始板材具有明显的黄铜织构{110}（112）。在变形过程中发生了晶粒的长大、晶粒形貌的改变、晶粒取向差的增大以及织构的弱化,而且大角度晶界的含量在流动应力到达最大值后开始逐渐增加。同时,对不同阶段的相关变形机制进行了讨论。超塑性变形初始阶段的主要变形机制为位错运动,随着变形的进行而开始发生动态再结晶,晶粒旋转作为晶界滑移的主要协调机制。在超塑性拉伸的最后大应变阶段,晶界滑移是主要的变形机制。     

Microtextural analysis of coke from single and binary blend and its impact on coke quality

Coke microtexture and microstructure is a function of feed coal composition and carbonisation process. If the process remains constant, the composition plays a vital role in developing the microtexture and microstructure which also reflects the coke quality. Knowledge of the influence of coal composition and characteristics on coke quality is a must for formulating a coal blend for coke making. To better understand how the coal transforms into coke requires the ability to correlate the microtextural and microstructural features to coal properties. Petrography is an important tool for comparing the feed coal and corresponding coke. In the present study, cokes manufactured from single coals and two-component blends under similar coking conditions were studied under the microscope to provide valuable information to coke makers. Not only the rank and quantification of macerals but also the association of macerals and minerals play an important role. Also the size and type of inertinite affect the coke quality. Micro-cracking, crack lengths and fissures identify the zone of weakness, whereas microtexture of cell walls suggests the strength-controlling parameters of coke. Pictorial concept followed in the present study is given below: