全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24245篇 |
免费 | 3323篇 |
国内免费 | 4608篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 312篇 |
综合类 | 2215篇 |
化学工业 | 3817篇 |
金属工艺 | 836篇 |
机械仪表 | 189篇 |
建筑科学 | 6620篇 |
矿业工程 | 5453篇 |
能源动力 | 543篇 |
轻工业 | 2005篇 |
水利工程 | 1991篇 |
石油天然气 | 5198篇 |
武器工业 | 71篇 |
无线电 | 176篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1176篇 |
冶金工业 | 1092篇 |
原子能技术 | 225篇 |
自动化技术 | 257篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 287篇 |
2022年 | 729篇 |
2021年 | 1011篇 |
2020年 | 973篇 |
2019年 | 823篇 |
2018年 | 778篇 |
2017年 | 964篇 |
2016年 | 1097篇 |
2015年 | 1045篇 |
2014年 | 1639篇 |
2013年 | 1534篇 |
2012年 | 2180篇 |
2011年 | 2076篇 |
2010年 | 1541篇 |
2009年 | 1622篇 |
2008年 | 1350篇 |
2007年 | 1687篇 |
2006年 | 1628篇 |
2005年 | 1553篇 |
2004年 | 1334篇 |
2003年 | 1112篇 |
2002年 | 849篇 |
2001年 | 709篇 |
2000年 | 645篇 |
1999年 | 565篇 |
1998年 | 441篇 |
1997年 | 381篇 |
1996年 | 318篇 |
1995年 | 303篇 |
1994年 | 262篇 |
1993年 | 191篇 |
1992年 | 126篇 |
1991年 | 89篇 |
1990年 | 79篇 |
1989年 | 53篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
1.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(20):28203-28209
Vanadium carbide (VC) as excellent ceramic and functional material is usually prepared by carbothermal reduction of V2O5 which must be extracted from a typical V slag by complex processes. Pollutants, such as ammonia-nitrogen wastewater, NH3 and CO2 are inevitably discharged. A novel and green method for VC preparation was proposed by one-step co-electrolysis of soluble NaVO3 and CO2 in molten salt. It was found that VC with high purity was easily obtained by reducing electrolysis temperature and CO2 flow rate to 600 °C and 10 mL min−1 at 3.0 V. Besides VC with particles and layered stacking structure in products, a small amount of carbon and oxygen elements existed. The atomic percentage contents of C, V, and O elements in VC were about 50.0%, 44.5% and 3.8%, respectively. During electrolysis, CO32− and VO3− was reduced at about −0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and −1.38 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. CO32− ions were more easily reduced than VO3−, and was firstly reduced to CO22− and then converted to C. Then, VC was prepared by two routes from CO2 and NaVO3. One route is that VO3− ions are firstly electroreduced to VO2− ions and then are further electroreduced to VC with C. Another route is that VO3− ions are electroreduced to V which in-situ reacted with C to VC. Both VO3− and CO32− ions are electroreduced by two-step process. In final, VC is in-situ deposited on cathode. It provides a novel and green way to prepare VC and also achieves the high value-added utilization of vanadium slag and CO2. 相似文献
2.
采用沉水植物表面流湿地(沉水组)、挺水植物表面流湿地(挺水组)和浮床湿地(浮床组)3种盐沼湿地对长江口近岸低污染水体进行脱氮除磷效能的研究。结果表明,HRT为3 d时,水组、挺水组、浮床组对NO3^--N的去除率在高温时段分别为79.9%±13.2%、71.8%±15.2%、77.2%±13.2%,中温时段分别为39.4%±13.7%、31.5%±8.5%、18.4%±16.6%,低温时段分别为15.6%±14.6%、19.7%±8.6%、2.%5±8.6%。沉水组和挺水组对TP的去除率受温度影响较小,分别为66.4%±32.4%、55.5%±29.4%;而浮床组除磷效果受温度影响较大。当HRT缩短为1.5 d时,3组湿地系统在高温时段仍可达到相近的脱氮除磷效果,在中低温时段脱氮除磷效果都有不同程度的下降。 相似文献
3.
Krzysztof M. Tokarz Wojciech Wesoowski Barbara Tokarz Wojciech Makowski Anna Wysocka Roman J. Jdrzejczyk Karolina Chrabaszcz Kamilla Malek Anna Kostecka-Gugaa 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress. 相似文献
4.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(24):34828-34835
In this paper, potassium titanate whiskers was prepared via the Molten salt synthesis on the surface of cordierite ceramics for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TG-DSC and TPO were carried out to characterize the morphology, microstructure, growth mechanism and catalytic performance of the samples. Potassium titanate whiskers with diameter (100–500 nm) and length (about 3 μm) is tightly combined with the cordierite ceramic substrate. The catalyst performance investigation demonstrates that potassium titanate whiskers decrease the soot combustion temperature apparently. The soot combustion process was studied by thermal analysis tests, and the activation energy of the combustion reaction can be calculated using Freeman-Carroll method. The carbon oxidation activation energy is 14.009 kcal/mol, and the activation energy for the catalytic reaction with potassium titanate whiskers is 6.287 kcal/mol, it can be illustrated that potassium titanate whiskers/cordierite catalyst possess excellence performance for carbon catalytic combustion. The coarseness of the interface increased because potassium titanate whiskers grew on the cordierite substrate, and the trapping ability could improve. This unique microstructure has potential application in the DPF field. 相似文献
5.
为了解破碎围岩分别采用锚杆支护、锚喷支护以及锚喷+锚索耦合三种支护方式下的支护效果,进而为破碎围岩巷道选择合理的支护方式提供参考。通过借助FLAC3D软件建立数值模型,分析不同支护条件下的破碎围岩巷道位移量、应力分布以及塑性区的时空演化特征。结果表明,采用锚喷+锚索耦合支护时,可以较好的控制巷道围岩的位移量、减小应力集中效应、缩小塑性区的影响范围。 相似文献
6.
7.
Xianwei Su Xiaojia Shang Yusi Che Shaolong Li Jianxun Song Jilin He 《Ceramics International》2021,47(15):21459-21465
Homogenous ZrCxOy powders have been successfully synthesized by in-situ electro-reduction of solid ZrO2–C composite precursors in molten CaCl2. The effect of applied cell voltage and molar ratio of ZrO2 to C on preparation of ZrCxOy were investigated. The reduction pathway of the composite electrode was studied based on the analysis of intermediate products using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that ZrO2 is firstly converted to CaZrO3. The resulting CaZrO3 is then reduced to ZrCxOy. The ZrCxOy formation is dramatically influenced by electrolysis voltage and molar ratio of ZrO2 to C: a higher cell voltage and lower molar ratio of the ZrO2 to C are more preferable for the formation of ZrCxOy powder. Homogenous ZrCxOy powders with particle size of ~100 nm are synthesized by ZrO2/C starting elemental powders in CaCl2 molten salt at 1123 K for more than 3 h, when the cell voltage is 3.0 V and the molar ratio of the ZrO2 to carbon starting materials is 1:1.0. 相似文献
8.
To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses. 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(57):28936-28948
There are dozens of hydrogen production methods and techniques from many sources such as fossil fuels, renewable energy sources and nuclear energy in the literature. Thermo-chemical methods are more efficient at higher temperatures to produce large quantities of hydrogen. In this study, a comparative overview of Generation VI nuclear reactor types for major hydrogen production methods have been researched in the literature and suggestions have been carried out.This research work is addressing that both electric power cycle and hydrogen production based on nuclear technologies need to be developed. Generation IV nuclear reactors can provide hydrogen for a worldwide hydrogen economy. Both thermo-chemical and electrolysis (hybrid) processes in hydrogen production have a promising future, especially when integrated with Generation IV nuclear power plants. Efficient heat transfer is required for both high temperature thermodynamic cycles and the high temperature steam electrolysis. Hence, highly efficient heat exchanger designs are one of the key technologies for that purpose. 相似文献
10.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24471-24475
Al2O3–SiC composite powder (ASCP) was successfully synthesized using a novel molten-salt-assisted aluminum/carbothermal reduction (MS-ACTR) method with silica fume, aluminum powder, and carbon black as raw materials; NaCl–KCl was used as the molten salt medium. The effects of the synthesis temperature and salt-reactant ratio on the phase composition and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that the Al2O3–SiC content increased with an increase in molten salt temperature, and the salt–reactant ratio in the range of 1.5:1–2.5:1 had an impact on the fabrication of ASCP. The optimum condition for synthesizing ASCP from NaCl–KCl molten salt consisted of maintaining the temperature at 1573 K for 4 h. The chemical reaction thermodynamics and growth mechanism indicate that the molten salt plays an important role in the formation of SiC whiskers by following the vapor-solid growth mode in the MS-ACTR treatment. This study demonstrates that the addition of molten salt as a reaction medium is a promising approach for synthesizing high-melting-point composite powders at low temperatures. 相似文献