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排序方式: 共有170条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(5):4128-4143
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of unprotected choline chloride (Cho) on the ruminal microbiome at 2 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. We hypothesized that the effects of Cho on ruminal bacterial populations would depend on NDF. Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors were arranged in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square as a 2 × 2 factorial with the following treatments: (1) 30% NDF-control (30% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); (2) 30% NDF-Cho (30% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter); (3) 40% NDF-control (40% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); and (4) 40% NDF-Cho (40% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter). We did 4 fermentation periods of 10 d each and used the last 3 d for collection of samples of solid and liquid digesta effluents for DNA extraction. Overall, 32 solid and 32 liquid samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Data were analyzed with R (R Project for Statistical Computing) and SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) to determine effects of Cho, NDF, and NDF × Cho on taxa relative abundance. The correlation of propionate molar proportion with taxa relative abundance was also analyzed. At the phylum level, relative abundance of Firmicutes in the liquid fraction tended to be greater when Cho was supplemented with a 30% NDF diet. At the order level, Cho increased Coriobacteriales in solid fraction and decreased Fibrobacterales in liquid fraction. Moreover, Cho decreased abundance of Clostridiales and increased Selenomonadales in the solid fraction, only with the 30% NDF diet. For genera, lower abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio resulted from Cho in solid and liquid fractions. Greater abundance of Succinivibrio in solid and Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid resulted from Cho with the 30% NDF diet. Propionate molar proportion was positively correlated with relative abundance of order Selenomonadales in solid and liquid fractions, and with genus Succinivibrio in solid and genera Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid. Our results indicate that Cho primarily decreases abundance of bacteria involved in fiber degradation and increases abundance of bacteria mainly involved in nonstructural carbohydrate degradation and synthesis of propionate, particularly when a diet with 30% NDF is provided. 相似文献
2.
The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices. 相似文献
3.
为快速、高效合成中枢神经阿片受体显像剂11C-carfentanil(11C-CFN),对国产商业化11C-胆碱合成模块略做改动,并优化了合成条件。结果表明,采用4-哌啶乙酸钠,4-[(1-丙羰基)苯胺]-1-(2-苯乙基)[钠盐]作前体,DMSO作溶剂,11CH3-triflate作甲基化试剂,在胆碱模块上采用反应瓶法,可自动化合成11C-CFN。合成的11C-CFN活度>14.8 GBq、比活度>1.4×1014Bq/g、放化纯度>99%,校正合成效率>80%(n=55,以11CH3-triflate计算),全部合成时间为18 min。经Micro PET/CT证实,11C-CFN可用于μ阿片受体的PET显像研究。 相似文献
4.
目的建立毛细管区带电泳-间接紫外检测法测定婴儿配方奶粉中胆碱含量的新方法。方法用5 mmol/L乙酸提取婴儿配方奶粉样品中的胆碱,涡旋混匀、9000 r/min离心,上清液经0.45μm醋酸纤维素滤膜过滤后进样。用未涂覆熔融石英毛细管75μm×70 cm(有效长度:60 cm)作为分离柱。以10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠+20 mmol/L磷酸+7 mmol/L 4-甲基咪唑为分离缓冲体系。分离电压为28 k V,进样压力及时间为0.5 psi、10 s,检测波长为214 nm。结果胆碱的校正峰面积与质量浓度在8.7~86.8 mg/L范围内间线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997、检出限为2.6 mg/L、定量限为8.7 mg/L,方法的日内和日间精密度分别为1.9%和3.9%(n=7)。3个质量浓度添加水平的平均加标回收率分别为98.8%、95.2%及97.6%,相应RSD分别为0.8%、0.9%及0.6%(n=5)。用本法分析了10件婴儿配方奶粉样品,均获满意结果。结论本方法简单、无需有机溶剂,适用于婴儿配方奶粉中胆碱的常规检测。 相似文献
5.
M. Lakshmi Kantam Ujjwal Pal B. Sreedhar Suresh Bhargava Yasuhiro Iwasawa Mizuki Tada B.M. Choudary 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2008,350(9):1225-1229
The selective oxidation of various alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes and ketones was achieved by ruthenium species stabilized on the nanocrystalline magnesium oxide (NAP‐MgO) by the incorporation of choline hydroxide, a basic ionic liquid, in excellent yields. The procedure is simple, efficient and environmentally benign. The catalyst can be used for four cycles with almost consistent activity. 相似文献
6.
亲水修饰是提高纳滤膜抗污染性能的重要方法。采用氯化胆碱(ChC)对石墨烯量子点(GQDs-TMC)纳滤膜进行后处理仿生修饰,模拟细胞膜上磷酰胆碱的两性离子抗污染表面。红外光谱(FTIR)和表面元素分析(EDS)表明ChC以共价键结合在纳滤膜分离层上。提高反应温度和氯化胆碱溶液浓度,可以增加纳滤膜的仿生修饰程度。ChC的季铵基团与GQDs-TMC纳滤膜分离层羧基基团形成两性离子结构,提高了仿生修饰(GQDs/ChC-TMC)纳滤膜的亲水性,降低了表面电势,提高了对染料分子和二价盐离子的截留率,并且显著增强了抗污染性能。经过酸、碱和氧化剂溶液浸泡处理及高温纳滤膜分离实验,GQDs/ChC-TMC纳滤膜的渗透率和截留率均未发生较大改变,表明仿生纳滤膜具有优异的化学稳定性和耐热稳定性。 相似文献
7.
In this study, changes of intramuscular phospholipids and free fatty acids were tracked during the processing of Nanjing dry-cured duck. Phospholipids were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography combined with UV and evaporative light scattering detectors. The types and quantities of free fatty acids and fatty acids derived from phospholipids were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The results showed that raw duck meat had high quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine (37.95% and 54.07% of total phospholipids, respectively), which contained high percentages of polysaturated fatty acids. The percentages of total phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine decreased during processing, with a concomitant increase in quantities of free fatty acids. The lipolysis of phospholipids, especially phosphatidylethanolamine is the main contributor to the increase of free fatty acids. 相似文献
8.
含水量对氧化铝柱色谱法同时分离纯化卵磷脂和脑磷脂的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
系统地研究了固定相初始含水量和流动相含水量对氧化铝柱色谱法同时分离纯化卵磷脂和脑磷脂的影响.结果表明:在实验范围内,氧化铝的初始含水量对氧化铝柱色谱法同时分离纯化卵磷脂和脑磷脂有很大的影响,而流动相含水量则影响不大.氧化铝初始含水量在8%(质量分数)和流动相含水量在0.1%~1.1%(体积分数)范围内,卵磷脂和脑磷脂可实现基线分离,PC的回收率可达90%以上,PE的回收率可达40%以上.并对实验结果的重现性进行了考察.研究结果除了对卵磷脂和脑磷脂的精制有一定的指导作用外,对其他天然产物分离纯化的研究和生产也有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
9.
以粉末状新疆胡麻磷脂粗品为原料,经金属离子沉淀法、柱层析法、全溶剂萃取法及薄层层析富集法等工艺制备了高纯度卵磷脂,并研究了金属离子沉淀法对柱层析分离磷脂混合物效果的影响。结果表明:以金属离子锌为复合沉淀离子,以中性氧化铝为吸附剂,以氯仿:甲醇:水=65:25:4(V:V:V)为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,可获得高纯度的卵磷脂精品;未经金属离子沉淀法处理的磷脂混合物,氧化铝吸附柱层析法无法分离得到单一组分的卵磷脂,对于该部分磷脂混合物,研究采用薄层层析富集法获得卵磷脂纯品。所得卵磷脂采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、一维多次展开薄层层析、二维双液展开薄层层析等手段进行了鉴定。 相似文献
10.
栉孔扇贝营养物的提取与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:水提法提取栉孔扇贝中营养物质并测定其多糖、牛磺酸和胆碱的含量。分析营养物提取率与牛磺酸、胆碱、多糖含量的关系。方法:超声波破碎组织法;水提法提取栉孔扇贝中营养物质;苯酚-硫酸显色法测定多糖;乙酰丙酮-甲醛显色法测定牛磺酸;雷氏盐沉淀比色法测定栉孔扇贝中胆碱的含量。结果:当1g组织加30ml水并用超声破碎时,水提物出率最高达23%;多糖在栉孔扇贝水提物中的含量达3.60%~15.09%;牛磺酸的含量为1.13%~1.25%;胆碱的含量为0.31%~0.38%。结论:栉孔扇贝中营养物的提取率受各种提取条件影响较大;营养物中的牛磺酸、胆碱含量受各种提取条件影响不大,而多糖的含量则较大。并且,牛磺酸、胆碱、多糖的含量与营养物提取率不呈正相关。 相似文献