霍乱弧菌基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱数据库的建立与应用

目的建立基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS)快速检测霍乱弧菌,并建立数据库。方法考察培养基、培养时间、培养温度以及样品前处理方法对图谱质量和鉴定结果的影响,对方法的稳定性、重复性进行研究;采集101株霍乱弧菌食品分离株MALDI-TOF-MS指纹图谱,并对图谱进行分析。其中标准菌株CICC23794及40株分离株作为建库菌株,其余60株用于建库后的测试。结果采用2%NaCl-TSA培养基,在37℃、24h条件下培养,可达到强峰值信号,谱图重现性良好,甲酸-乙腈提取法获得的质谱图特征峰多,信噪比高;建库后, 60株霍乱弧菌均可达到高于2.0的水平,其中约有20株霍乱弧菌鉴定分值可达到2.4以上。结论本研究建立的霍乱弧菌MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定方法结果准确,可用于实际检测。     

Decoupled Roles for the Atypical,Bifurcated Binding Pocket of the ybfF Hydrolase

Serine hydrolases have diverse intracellular substrates, biological functions, and structural plasticity, and are thus important for biocatalyst design. Amongst serine hydrolases, the recently described ybfF enzyme family are promising novel biocatalysts with an unusual bifurcated substrate‐binding cleft and the ability to recognize commercially relevant substrates. We characterized in detail the substrate selectivity of a novel ybfF enzyme from Vibrio cholerae (Vc‐ybfF) by using a 21‐member library of fluorogenic ester substrates. We assigned the roles of the two substrate‐binding clefts in controlling the substrate selectivity and folded stability of Vc‐ybfF by comprehensive substitution analysis. The overall substrate preference of Vc‐ybfF was for short polar chains, but it retained significant activity with a range of cyclic and extended esters. This broad substrate specificity combined with the substitutional analysis demonstrates that the larger binding cleft controls the substrate specificity of Vc‐ybfF. Key selectivity residues (Tyr116, Arg120, Tyr209) are also located at the larger binding pocket and control the substrate specificity profile. In the structure of ybfF the narrower binding cleft contains water molecules prepositioned for hydrolysis, but based on substitution this cleft showed only minimal contribution to catalysis. Instead, the residues surrounding the narrow binding cleft and at the entrance to the binding pocket contributed significantly to the folded stability of Vc‐ybfF. The relative contributions of each cleft of the binding pocket to the catalytic activity and folded stability of Vc‐ybfF provide a valuable map for designing future biocatalysts based on the ybfF scaffold.     

阴沟肠杆菌定量标准物质的研制

采用真空冷冻干燥法和滤膜法定值技术,研制了球状的阴沟肠杆菌定量标准物质。经保护剂配方及冻干程序参数优化后,阴沟肠杆菌的平均存活率达51%,形状均匀一致、外观光滑无塌陷,能完全复水速溶。通过结晶紫中性胆盐琼脂培养基平板计数法考察均匀性和稳定性,证明该标准物质均匀性良好,-80 ℃至少可稳定保存6个月。该标准物质由6家实验室采用滤膜法联合定值,经不确定度评定,标称值为（2.0±0.1）log10 (cfu/瓶),相对扩展不确定度为10%(k=2)。标准物质中阴沟肠杆菌活菌数含量水平为10² cfu/瓶,可以直接溶解使用,无需稀释,使用方便,同时减少了测量不确定度来源。     

Occurence of Culturable Vibrio cholerae from Lake Victoria,and Rift Valley Lakes Albert and George,Uganda

Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium that causes cholera, poses a human health risk when consumed via untreated or contaminated water. Monthly investigations into the presence of V. cholerae from Lakes Albert, George and Victoria were conducted, with the goal being to examine the relationship between the occurrences of V. cholerae with various water quality parameters at fish landing sites in major water bodies in Uganda. The pH, temperature and electrical conductivity were measured at three fishing sites in each of the three study lakes; namely Gabba in Lake Victoria, Butiaba in Lake Albert and Kayanzi in Lake George. The pH values varied from 7.76 to 9.36 at Butiaba, 8.68 to 9.85 at Kayanzi and 6.6 to 9.88 at Ggaba. The temperature ranged from 17.9 to 32.3 °C at Butiaba, 22.5 to 29 °C at Kayanzi and 18.2 to 30.5 °C at Ggaba. The electrical conductivity ranged from 129.2 to 984 μS cm^?1 at Butiaba, 658 to 1090 μS cm^?1 at Kayanzi and 119 to 218 μS cm^?1 at Ggaba, for Lakes Albert, George and Victoria, respectively. Enrichment techniques were used to detect culturable V. cholerae on TCBS culture media. Seventy‐five (75%) of the samples (n = 90) were positive for V. cholera. The occurrence of V. cholerae was positively associated with water quality parameters over the 10‐month period of study. Vibrio cholerae was more frequently detected during the dry season (warmer) than during the wet season. These study results suggest the investigated study lakes are natural reservoirs for V. cholerae.     

抗霍乱弧菌O1群单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的制备抗霍乱弧菌O1群特异性单克隆抗体(McAb),并进行鉴定。方法以福尔马林灭活的O1群霍乱弧菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用细胞融合技术建立分泌抗O1群霍乱弧菌McAb的杂交瘤细胞株。对配对较好的6个细胞株分泌的McAb进行腹水效价、免疫球蛋白类及亚类、抗体亲和常数测定及凝集试验和稳定性试验。与细菌培养法对比检测208份临床标本。结果6个细胞株分泌的McAb腹水效价均为105,均为IgM;抗体亲和常数为1.84×105～5.38×107;且均与O1群霍乱弧菌菌株发生凝集反应,与霍乱弧菌O139群、大肠杆菌、出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7、副溶血弧菌、麦弧菌、河弧菌、结肠炎耶尔森菌、普通变形杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌及各型副伤寒杆菌均不发生凝集反应。6个分泌McAb的细胞株连续培养15周,经液氮冻存12个月后复苏,仍能稳定分泌抗体;与细菌培养法对比检测208份临床标本,特异性和灵敏度均达100%。结论制备的McAb具有较高的特异性,有可能用于开发霍乱弧菌O1群的检测试剂。     

2种弧菌的实时荧光PCR快速检测

目的为快速、特异、灵敏的检测致病性弧菌,建立致病性弧菌的实时荧光PCR方法。方法针对霍乱弧菌的种特异性基因ompW、毒力基因tcpA、ctxA和副溶血性弧菌的种特异性基因tl、毒力基因tdh设计引物和Taqman荧光探针,建立实时荧光PCR检测方法。结果该方法能够特异性地检出副溶血性弧菌或霍乱弧菌,并进一步确定其是否携带tdh、tcpA或ctxA毒力基因,检测的灵敏度可达到10CFU/ml或0.1716μg/ml(pg/μl)DNA模板浓度。结论该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于食品中致病性弧菌的快速检验。     

双通道荧光PCR快速检测水产品中主要致病性弧菌的研究

目的:建立水产品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌快速、敏感、特异的双通道荧光PCR同步鉴别体系.方法:针对副溶血弧菌TDH基因和霍乱弧菌ctxA基因设计合成2对特异性引物和2条Taqman探针,优化体系,建立双通道荧光PCR体系.结果:建立的双通道荧光PCR体系特异性强,引物和探针之间无干扰.对副溶血孤菌和霍乱孤菌的检测灵敏度高,下限均能达到5× 104 CFU/mL.体系稳定,重复性好,可操作性强,两种不同浓度基因组DNA无相互抑制现象,适用于不同条件、多种样品的检测.采用该方法对140份采自舟山、象山和杭州的各类水产品进行检测,副溶血弧菌和霍乱孤菌检出率分别为25.7％和3.6％,未见霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌混合污染的样品,表明建立的双重荧光PCR是一种可用于水产品等样品中副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的快速、灵敏、特异的鉴别方法.     

基于lolB和toxR基因的水产品中霍乱弧菌双重PCR检测方法

选择lolB和toxR两种基因序列设计2对特异性引物,建立一种针对霍乱弧菌所有生物型菌株的双重PCR检测方法,扩增目的片段大小分别为519bp和779bp。结果表明:在同步扩增中,仅霍乱弧菌模板可同时扩增出2种基因片段,4株对照菌模板无任何扩增条带;敏感性检测结果显示,该双重PCR最低能检测3.42×103CFU/mL菌落数的霍乱弧菌。所建立的基于lolB和toxR两种基因的双重PCR检测方法特异性强、敏感性高、方法简单、用时短,可用于霍乱弧菌检测。     

Vibrio species involved in seafood-borne outbreaks (Vibrio cholerae,V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus): Review of microbiological versus recent molecular detection methods in seafood products

Seafood products are widely consumed all around the world and play a significant role on the economic market. Bacteria of the Vibrio genus can contaminate seafood and thus pose a risk to human health. Three main Vibrio species, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, are potentially pathogenic to humans. These species are responsible for a dramatic increase of seafood-borne infections worldwide. Hence, early detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio is needed and should rely on quick and effective methods. This review aims to present the standard methods FDA-BAM, ISO/TS 21872–1:2007 and TS 21872–2:2007 and compare them to recent molecular biology methods including endpoint PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and PCR-derived methods with a focus on LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification). The available methods presented here are dedicated to the detection and identification of the Vibrio species of interest in seafood.     

两种致病性弧菌二重LAMP-熔解曲线检测方法的建立

应用环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),建立了食品中产毒素性霍乱弧菌和副溶血性弧菌二重LAMP-熔解曲线快速检测方法。本方法针对产毒素性霍乱弧菌ctx A基因和副溶血性弧菌gyr B基因分别设计引物组进行二重LAMP扩增,并利用熔解曲线法分析扩增产物,从而判断DNA模板中所含目标菌。应用本方法对9株目标菌和17株非目标菌的检测结果与预期一致,并可通过熔解曲线的特征峰准确分析DNA模板中所含目标菌。对二重LAMP扩增产物的测序分析表明,扩增所得序列与目的基因序列吻合,从而进一步验证了该方法的特异性。经测试,本方法对两种目标菌的检测灵敏度均可达100 fg DNA/反应管。实验证明所建立的方法具有良好的特异性,并可为食品中两种致病性弧菌的快速检测提供一种重要技术手段。