Flow field simulation and pressure drop modeling by a porous medium in PEM fuel cells

For proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, the distribution of reactant flow in the stack is critical to the fuel cell's efficiency. The uneven distribution of reactant flow in the stack may cause poor current density, low performance, and material degradation. To understand and accurately predict the flow field in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system, the present study aims to develop a simple correlation to analyze the pressure drop in fuel cell stacks. The flow channel in each cell of a stack is treated as a porous medium, and a power-law model is used to approximate the porous medium momentum source term. For the stacks with fewer cell numbers, namely, 1, 5, and 10 cells, the parameters in the power law are established based on the experimental data. Then, a correlation is developed to simulate the flow and predict the pressure drop in the stack with higher cell numbers (ie, 20 and 40 cells). The simulations show that the pressure drop in each cell of a stack is almost invariable, and the average pressure drop decreases with increasing the number of cells. The flow uniformity in the stacks with different cell numbers is evaluated using the dimensionless pressure drop and the pressure drop ratios. It suggests that the lower the cell number, the more uniform the pressure drop. The developed model is conducive to efficiently designing the flow channel for a fuel cell stack with large cell numbers.     

基于近场均匀照明的纸病检测系统光源优化方案

针对纸病检测系统中采集到的图像存在横向灰度不均匀现象,基于几何光学辐射照度理论,围绕纸病检测系统光源模块照射到被检测纸张上的照度均匀分布问题开展了应用技术研究。依据斯派罗法则,确定了光源模块中LED灯珠间的最优距离函数;从机器视觉的角度出发,利用实验法确定了光源阵列中不同位置灯珠的功率优化函数;采用图像灰度均匀度指标,对光源的改进效果进行了验证。结果表明,本优化方案可以将获取到的图像灰度均匀度由优化前的57. 8%提高到98. 6%,有效地提高了纸张的成像质量,可降低后期的图像处理难度,有望提高应用程序的执行效率。     

基于汉风色典的不同色差公式的色差均匀性

为给纺织行业在纺织品贸易和质量控制等方面优选色差公式提供参考,研究了3个重要的和1个最新色差公式的色差均匀性,借助国际上色样多、视觉等距性好的汉风色典,利用X-Rite测色仪测试近2万个色样的色度参数,然后分别从向度、彩度、浓度3个方向选取3万多对相邻色样,采用MatLab编程计算4种色差并统计分析其均值、不匀率和性能因子。结果表明:不同方向不同评价指标所得结果不尽相同;在色差均匀性方面,CAM16-UCS最好,CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)略优于CMC_(2∶1),且二者明显优于CIELAB;在色差大小方面由小到大依次为CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)、CMC_(2∶1)、CAM16-UCS、CIELAB。     

喷涂技术在烟草薄片生产中的应用研究

分析了烟草薄片原生产涂布系统的不足，对原涂布系统进行改造，新增涂布装置，将柠檬酸钾单独施加到烟草薄片上，研究了新喷涂技术对涂布液和烟草薄片质量的影响。结果表明，应用新喷涂技术时，涂布液的黏度降低了17.78%、含渣量降低了24.52%，涂布液渗透性提高；在未影响产品物理指标、化学指标、感官质量的基础上，烟草薄片中钾离子横幅分布均匀性提升了68.49%。     

催化裂化管式待生剂分配器颗粒分配特性及内部流动特性的CPFD模拟

基于CPFD(Computational particle fluid dynamics)方法，对实验室前期研究的催化裂化管式分配器内的颗粒分配特性及内部流动特性进行了数值模拟，系统研究了输送风、松动风及分配器倾斜角度对颗粒分配不均匀指数的影响，并进一步考察了输送风和松动风对分配器各出口气体流量分布及内部气 固流动特性的影响。结果表明，增大输送风量、松动风量以及分配器的倾斜角度均可以降低颗粒分配不均匀指数，但改变松动风量的效果不如改变输送风量和倾斜角度显著。分配器倾斜角存在一个最优值时，颗粒分配均匀性最佳。输送风的增大会使得颗粒出料量最高的排料口的位置逐渐向分配器的末端移动，中间排料口所流出的气体流量占比增大，末端排料口排风量占比减小。引入松动风后，各出口的颗粒排料量更加接近，同时靠近末端排料口的气体流量占比明显增大。     

In-line characterization of dispersion uniformity evolution during a twin-screw blending extrusion based on near-infrared spectroscopy

Properties of an immiscible polymer blend have been proved to be closely related to dispersion uniformity of the minor phase. At present, dispersion uniformity is difficult to evaluate during the blending process, resulting in hysteretic feedback. Aiming at this problem, this work utilized near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to in-line characterize dispersion uniformity evolution during a twin-screw extrusion. A multichannel NIR measurement system was set up and applied to evaluate the blending process of polypropylene and polyolefin elastomer (POE). Based on the NIR spectra collected at different positions of the extruder, five prediction models of POE content were established using the light gradient boosting machine algorithm. Dispersion uniformity was characterized through the fluctuation of the predicted content. The evolution of dispersion under such processing parameters was consistent with scanning electron microscopy.     

基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度测量

为了精确地评价纱线的表观条干均匀性,提出一种基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法。首先通过图像采集装置获取纱线图像;然后对纱线图像进行亚像素边缘检测获取纱线边缘点集;利用开运算对获取的边缘点集进行处理,进而获得纱线条干的边缘;最后采用坐标直方图方法计算纱线平均直径和条干CV值。为验证方法的有效性和准确性,对多种不同线密度的纯棉纱线进行测试,并将测试结果与电容式条干仪的均匀度检测及基于模糊C均值分类和Otsu图像法的检测结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法与电容式的测量结果有着较好的一致性,证明所提方法可得到准确的结果。     

煤粉锅炉脱硫系统中除尘器压差过高原因及解决方案

高倍率灰钙循环烟气脱硫技术在神东矿区的煤粉锅炉环保改造项目中已投入建设并成功运行,脱硫率可达95%以上。在NGD系统的运行调试期,布袋除尘器压差的数值及其上升速度均较改造前有大幅提高,影响了锅炉系统的正常运行并降低了布袋除尘器的运行效率。为了解决此问题,先分析滤料透气性降低而导致布袋除尘器压差上升的根本原因,再结合现场调研情况对NGD系统工况下的烟气含湿量、烟气温度、烟气灰浓度、除尘器本体的问题以及上游锅炉系统问题逐一进行对比和分析,并找出问题产生的各主要因素。NGD系统中布袋除尘器差压升高的原因包括多方面,为了使NGD系统的运行更加稳定,需要使除尘器适应NGD系统的工况并对系统中部分设备进行改造。在未来NGD系统的设计中,布袋除尘器需按高浓度烟气设计,且针对煤粉工业锅炉的运行、维护特性应加入对烟气中含水量的监测及对布袋除尘器的相应保护措施。     

钢轨交流闪光焊接过程过梁爆破特征分析

以高速摄影技术作为主要研究手段，研究钢轨交流闪光焊接过程过梁爆破特征，并结合热成像系统采集焊接过程温度场，以此为数据基础定量分析了钢轨交流闪光焊接过梁爆破特征. 结果表明,钢轨交流脉动闪光焊接工艺模式下，加速闪光阶段具有几个阶段中最高的闪光频次46.93次/s，脉动闪光阶段具有最低的闪光频次11.07次/s；连续闪光阶段闪光烈度为0.009 2 mm/次，是几个阶段中最强的，脉动阶段的闪光烈度最弱，为0.003 8 mm/次；从闪光加热因子来看，脉动阶段最高，符合了该阶段积累热量的主要目的；加速闪光阶段最低，是由于该阶段为了制造保护气氛产生的气化过梁带走了较多的热量；从闪光均匀度看，闪光最不均匀的阶段是闪平阶段，最均匀的阶段是脉动阶段，这恰恰说明了两待焊端面的微观平行情况在闪平阶段最差、脉动阶段最佳.     

Arabic sign language intelligent translator

ABSTRACT

Arabic sign language (ArSL) is method of communication between deaf communities in Arab countries; therefore, the development of systemsthat can recognize the gestures provides a means for the Deaf to easily integrate into society. In this research we implemented a computational structurefor an intelligent interpreter that automatically recognizes the isolated dynamic gestures. The proposed system recognizes and translates gesturesperformed with one or both hands. It comprises five subsystems, building dataset, video processing, feature extraction, mapping between ArSL and Arabictext, and text generation. To apply the system, 100-signs of ArSL was used, which was applied on 1500 video files. It's were divided into five classes:alphabet, numbers, "prepositions, pronouns and question words", Arabic life expressions, and "nouns and verbs". The evaluation indicated that thesystem automatically recognizes and translates isolated dynamic ArSL gestures by highly accurate manner. The results showed that the system accuracy is 95.8%.