Effect of processing on the microbiological quality and safety of chicken carcasses at slaughterhouse

Microbiological contamination of chicken meat depends on the conditions under which the animals are reared, slaughtered and processed. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of farm origin and processing stages at slaughterhouse on the microbial safety and quality of chicken. Samples of chicken carcasses from three different farms were taken from a slaughterhouse. Mesophiles, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive Staphylococcci counts, presence of Listeria monocytogenes,Campylobacter and Salmonella were determined at five sampling points: after defeathering, after evisceration, after washing, after chilling and after cutting. Chilling reduced log numbers of mesophiles, coagulase positive Staphylococci and E. coli by 0.85, 1.52 and 2.2 log units, respectively. Salmonella was not detected after chilling. High prevalence of Campylobacter spp was observed at all the stages ranging between 84% and 100%. L. monocytogenes was not detected in chicken carcasses after defeathering. However, it was detected after evisceration and after washing and chilling. The most critical stage for L. monocytogenes contamination was the portioning operation, the prevalence in breast and legs being 88% and 84%, respectively.     

Biological Water Treatment by a Hybrid Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor: Theoretical Study

A hybrid fluidized-bed bioreactor for water purification was proposed and analyzed. It is a novel type of bioreactor characterized by hitherto unknown stationary and dynamic features. Steady-state characteristics of this hybrid bioreactor with external liquid circulation are presented. A quantitative analysis of steady-state properties of the bioreactor was performed with the aid of an original mathematical model developed for a double-substrate aerobic microbiological process. A steady-state analysis of aerobic processes characterized by different oxygen demand was performed. The effect of essential parameters was evaluated, including carbonaceous substrate concentration in the feed stream to the apparatus, aeration intensity, total residence time of a liquid in the bioreactor, and height of the bed of fine carrier particles.     

European Food Poisoning Outbreaks Involving Meat and Meat-based Products

Foodborne illnesses are syndromes including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea caused by the ingestion of food contaminated by chemical substances or microorganisms and/or their toxins. Reporting of food poisoning has been mandatory for European Union member states since 2003. Data collected by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) include number of outbreaks per causative agent, number of human cases as well as hospitalization and death rates. This paper will focus on meat products as food vehicles for FBOs. Following the legal definition of meat and meat products and the European reporting scheme, the main pathogenic bacteria will be presented.     

三元复合驱采出水处理研究进展

随着三元复合驱采油技术在油田的广泛应用，三元复合驱采出水产量不断增加。三元复合驱采出水水质复杂，具有矿化度高、黏度大、含油乳化程度高、小油滴含量高、油水分离困难等特点，对油田生产和环境的影响日益严重。因此，开展三元复合驱采出水高效处理方法的研究成为一项重要的任务。本文分析了影响三元复合驱采出水油水分离特性的各种因素，介绍了目前国内应用于三元采出水处理的先进技术，如膜分离法、气浮选分离法、高级氧化法、微生物法等，阐述了这些处理技术的优势及存在的问题，重点介绍了气浮选分离法和微生物法在三元采出水处理中的应用情况，并对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水现场处理工艺进行了介绍，最后对今后的研究工作提出了一些展望。     

Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons

The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality of an indoor swimming pool, analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations in microbiological counts and chemical parameters. The results indicated that yeast and bacteria counts, as well as carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and O₃ concentrations, showed significant diurnal difference. On the other hand, temperature, relative humidity (R.H.), yeast counts and concentrations of CO₂, particles, O₃, toluene, and benzene showed seasonal differences. In addition, the relationship between indoor and outdoor air and the degree of correlation between the different parameters have been calculated, suggesting that CO₂, fine particles and NO_x would have indoor origin due to the human activity and secondary reactions favored by the chemical and environmental conditions of the swimming pool; while O₃, benzene and toluene, would come from outside, mainly. The overall results indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) in the swimming pool building was deficient by the high levels of CO₂ and microorganisms, low temperatures, and high R.H., because frequently the limits established by the legislation were exceeded. This fact could be due to the poor ventilation and the inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning systems.     

结合注册环保工程师考试——开展卓越工程师培养探索与研究

结合注册环保工程师考试,开展卓越工程师培养探索与研究;对我校环境工程专业培养过程中存在的问题,对培养目标、培养模式、培养途径等进行了阐述,将4个实践环节有机的组合起来,构建一个环境工程专业新的实践教学体系;提高本校环境工程专业学生的实践能力、创新能力和综合素质。     

《微生物技术》课程教学改革的研究

文章通过对微生物技术课程的项目化教学改革研究,提高了课程的实践应用性,通过考核方式的改革提高了学生的积极性,以及解决问题分析问题的能力和团队协作的能力。     

高校自主招生实施效果的实证研究——基于CQ大学自主招生学生与普通高考学生的跟踪与比较

从后期质量跟踪的角度,对自主招生学生进校后的情况进行了跟踪调研,通过学生问卷调查结合大量的客观数据统计,从能力素质方面及学习成绩、奖学金获得、参加科研情况等多角度分析、比较自主招生和普通高考两类学生入校后的差异,并在此基础上分析结论背后的原因,以此检验CQ大学自主招生效果,回答社会对自主招生的质疑,丰富相关研究领域成果。研究表明,自主招生学生能力素质均分及各项能力素质均显著高于普通高考学生;自主招生学生成绩略高于普通高考学生;自主招生学生综合素质表现(综合奖学金、五四评优、争先创优)显著高于普通高考学生;自2015年开始自主招生学生科创能力(科创项目立项)显著高于普通高考学生。     

我国平板网架结构的发展现状

本文总结论述了我国迅速发展的平板网架结构,并详细对结构的形式、连接方法、计算分析、施工与质裣、以及屋面材料、支座形式和防火、防锈涂料等方面发展状况进行了评述,最后还列示了有代表性的几十个典型工程实例。     

浅谈桥梁的维修与加固

通过论述我国现有桥梁的状况，发现公路桥梁常见病害，分析桥梁病害的起因，介绍了几种桥梁检测与加固的方法，对有效和合理地解决既有公路桥梁的病害问题具有重要意义。