In-vitro and in-vivo comparison of T-OA microemulsions and solid dispersions based on EPDC

The goal of this study was to enhance the absorption of a new water-insoluble antitumor lead compound, T-OA (3β-hydroxyolea-12-en-28-oic acid-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazin-2-methyl ester). Early-stage preparation discovery concept (EPDC) was employed in this study. Based on this concept, a microemulsion system was chosen as the method of improving bioavailability. The solubility of T-OA was checked in different oils, surfactants and cosurfactants. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the microemulsion domain. Developed high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine drug content. The transparent o/w microemulsion formulation composed of oleic acid (oil), Tween 80 (surfactant), ethanol (co-surfactant) and water enhanced the solubility of T-OA up to 20?mg/mL. It was characterized in terms of appearance, content, viscosity, zeta potential, conductivity, morphology and particle size. The particle size distribution, viscosity, conductivity and zeta potential were found to be 70?nm, 15.57?MPa?s, 44.1?μS?cm^?1 and ?0.174, respectively. Oral bioavailability of T-OA microemulsion and oleic acid solution were checked by using rat model. Contrast to the solid dispersion and proto drug, the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of T-OA microemulsion and oleic acid solution were significantly enhanced. The relative bioavailability of T-OA microemulsion was found to be 5654.7%, which is 57-fold higher than the pure drug. Improved T-OA solubility in microemulsion was found sustained 48?h in dilution study. While the solid dispersion may precipitate under the gastrointestinal circumstance based on dilution results. The in-vivo and in-vitro results indicated that, compare to improve the solubility, it is more important to maintain and prolong the T-OA dissolved status, for improvement of the in-vivo absorption.     

Extraction of Mn(II) from NaCl solution by NaCl/sodium oleate/n-pentanol/n-heptane microemulsion system

A microemulsion (ME) consisting of sodium oleate, n-pentanol, n-heptane and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was used for Mn(II) extraction. The cation exchange mechanism of Mn(II) extraction by sodium oleate (NaOL) was confirmed by the analysis of continuous variation of the NaOL concentration and the infrared spectrum. The effect of the extraction time, the cosurfactant type and volume fraction, the volume ratio of aqueous to ME (R), the initial concentration of Mn(II), temperature, pH and the NaCl concentration in aqueous phase on the extraction yield of Mn(II) were investigated. The extraction percentage of Mn(II) was up to 99% when R = 1. Both the extraction and re-extraction had good extraction efficiency. Therefore, the extraction of Mn(II) by NaCl/sodium oleate/n-pentanol/n-heptane ME is an effective approach.     

微乳液法制备纳米TiO2粒子

以TiCl4为原料。在OP-10／正戊醇／环己烷／水（溶液）组成的反相微乳液体系中制备纳米TiO2粒子，采用XRD、TEM和BET等分析手段对粉体的粒径、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明．采用反相微乳液可以合成出纳米级TiO2粒子。当体系内古水量较高时。产物粒度较小，且分布均匀。适当的陈化，可使产物粒度变小，分布变窄。     

苯乙烯—丙烯酸酯类乳液在涂料中的应用与发展

本文在揭示苯丙乳液的组成、以及该组成与其性质之间关系的基础上 ,提出苯丙乳液的微粒化是实现其高功能化的重要途径。对研究中可能出现的问题提出了解决的办法 ,并进行了论证。     

Self-assembly synthesis of ZnO with adjustable morphologies and their photocatalytic performance

ZnO with hierarchical microspheres and hexagonal prisms structures were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal microemulsion route. Based on X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy observation of the products at the different reaction time periods, the formation mechanism of three-dimensional hierarchical ZnO microspheres was proposed. Ultraviolet and visible diffuse reflectance spectra indicated that as-synthesized ZnO microspheres had enhanced absorption in both ultraviolet and visible light areas. The photocatalytic activities of as-synthesized products were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue solution. Due to the synergistic effects of the high crystallization and special hierarchical structure, the hierarchical ZnO microsphere exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity.     

微乳常温水基超声波机用清洗剂的研制

奥氏体不锈钢板,经拉深工艺,成筒体型的产品后,要求对筒体表面的拉深油,用超声波机清洗,现采用的清洗剂是强碱与表面活性剂两种产品配伍使用,要求温度为(60±5)℃,清洗时间为5 min,在60℃高温消耗能源的同时,清洗剂所产生的蒸汽,既有强碱的刺激味道,还有随时能够对人体构成伤害的不足之处。经检测,净洗力在89.7%。没有达到JB/4323—1999(水基金属清洗剂)标准要求,为克服上述不足之处,研制了一种微乳常温水基超声波机用清洗剂。     

O/W型微乳液应用于三线态湮灭上转换介质研究

光子上转换是吸收低能量（长波长）的光发射高能量（短波长）光的过程,在太阳能光伏、光催化等领域具有潜在应用价值而受到广泛研究,然而通常介质采用有机溶剂及绝氧处理都大大限制了上转换的实际应用.本文报道了可用于三线态湮灭上转换过程的新介质-O/W型微乳液,该体系制备简单、无毒环保,无需除氧脱气条件下,上转化发光稳定,具有未来实际应用的潜力.     

微乳助排剂的研制及性能评价

采用两性表面活性剂、双子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂作为主剂、添加助剂及油相,复配得到了具有低表面张力和低界面张力的微乳液,并对其粒径、热稳定性、改善水润湿性能力、与压裂液配伍性及返排提高率进行评价,得到了具有优异助排效果的微乳液体系。结果表明:该体系粒径分布约80nm,其表面张力平衡值约26.0mN/m,与煤油间界面张力最低可降至0.1mN/m,可改善云母表面润湿性,与其接触角最高改善约70°,返排提高率最高达到了29.72%;微乳液具有一定的耐温性,且与压裂液、添加剂和破胶液配伍性良好。     

Wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface through surfactant stabilized microemulsion

In the process of the tertiary recovery of oil and gas resources, it is necessary to use external fluids to displace the crude oil in the reservoir. Whether the crude oil on the surface of the rock can be effectively displaced and the wettability of the rock can be changed to avoid re-adsorption by the crude oil is directly related to the level of oil recovery. Therefore, it is critical to study the cleaning and wettability reversal of reservoir rock surface. Because microemulsions have outstanding performance in changing the wettability of rocks and solubilizing crude oil, this paper uses cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and n-butanol as a co-surfactant to prepare microemulsions. The performance of microemulsions with different microstructures on the cleaning and wettability changes of crude oil on the rock surface were studied. The results show that the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion has good cleaning efficiency, and the oil removal rate on the sandstone core surface can reach 79.65%. In terms of changing the wettability of the rock surface, W/O, bi-continuous phase (B.C.) and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions can change the core surface from lipophilic to hydrophilic. And the effects of the B.C. and O/W microemulsions are more obvious. The microemulsion system that was prepared based on cationic surfactants has a good application prospect in changing the wettability of the reservoir and cleaning the adsorbed crude oil.