Matrix Manipulation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Enabled by Coordination Engineering

The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices.     

Water vapor volatilization and oxidation induced surface cracking of environmental barrier coating systems: A numerical approach

A numerical model is developed for surface crack propagation in brittle ceramic coatings, aiming at the intrinsic failure of rare-earth silicate environmental barrier coating systems (EBCs) under combustion conditions in advanced gas turbines. The main features of progressive degradation of EBCs in such conditions are captured, including selective silica vaporization in the top coat due to exposure to water vapor, diffusion path-dependent bond coat oxidation, as well as crack propagation during cyclic thermal loading. In light of these features, user-defined subroutines are implemented in finite element analysis, where surface crack growth is simulated by node separation. Numerical results are validated by existing experimental data, in terms of monosilicate layer thickening, thermal oxide growth, and fracture behaviors. The experimentally observed quasi-linear oxidation in the early stage is also elucidated. Furthermore, it is suggested that surface crack undergoes rapid propagation in the late stage of extended thermal cycling in water vapor and leads to catastrophic failure, driven by both thermal mismatch and oxide growth stresses. The latter is identified as the dominant mechanism of penetration. Based on detailed analyses of failure mechanisms, the optimization strategy of EBCs composition is proposed, balancing the trade-off between mechanical compliance and erosion resistance.     

ZIF-12在检测抗坏血酸和L-色氨酸中的应用

采用室温搅拌法合成分子筛咪唑框架-12(ZIF-12),对其进行了X-射线衍射、电镜扫描和红外表征.将其制备成ZIF-12/gelatin/GCE电化学传感器,并采用循环伏安法对检测抗坏血酸、L-色氨酸及抗坏血酸和L-色氨酸进行同步检测.结果表明,ZIF-12作为电化学传感器材料应用于对抗坏血酸、L-色氨酸及抗坏血酸和L-色氨酸的同步检测,有良好的电化学响应.     

基于数据融合与迁移学习的学生表情识别研究

学生表情逐渐成为感知学生状态的重要途径,因此准确的识别学生表情因具有重要价值而受到广泛的关注.本文针对学生表情识别这一问题,提出基于数据融合与迁移学习的识别模型,该模型融合3个数据集,以解决学生表情数据缺乏与多样性问题,同时引入迁移学习来提升预测精度.在数据集及实际学生表情图像上的实验结果表明,本文提出的模型可以准确识别学生表情,提升了预测精度.     

Superior Low-Temperature Reversible Adhesion Based on Bio-Inspired Microfibrillar Adhesives Fabricated by Phenyl Containing Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers

Gecko-inspired microfibrillar adhesives have achieved great progress in microstructure design and adhesion improvement over the past two decades. Space applications nowadays show great interest in this material for the characteristics of reversible adhesion and universal van der Waals interactions. However, the impact of harsh environment of space on the performance of microfibrillar adhesives, especially the extreme low temperature, is rarely addressed. Herein, microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by phenyl containing polydimethylsiloxane (p-PDMS) elastomers with superior low-temperature reversible adhesion is proposed. p-PDMS elastomers are synthesized through one-pot anionic ring-opening copolymerization, and the resulting elastomers become non-crystallizable with excellent low-temperature elasticity. Low-temperature adhesion tests demonstrate that the adhesion strength of microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by p-PDMS elastomers can be well maintained to as low as −120 °C. In contrast, the adhesion strength of pure PDMS microfibrillar adhesive reduces more than 50% below its crystallization temperature. The low-temperature cyclic adhesion tests further demonstrate that p-PDMS microfibrillar adhesives exhibit superior reversible adhesion compared to that of PDMS microfibrillar adhesives, owing to the sustainable conformal contact and even distribution of loads over repeated cycles. This study provides a new fabrication strategy for microfibrillar adhesives, and is beneficial for the practical application of microfibrillar adhesives.     

Nitrate Additives Coordinated with Crown Ether Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes in Carbonate Electrolyte

Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are promising for next-generation batteries but have poor compatibility with the widely used carbonate-based electrolytes, which is a major reason for their severe dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). A nitrate additive to the electrolyte is an effective solution, but its low solubility in carbonates is a problem that can be solved using a crown ether, as reported. A rubidium nitrate additive coordinated with 18-crown-6 crown ether stabilizes the LMA in a carbonate electrolyte. The coordination promotes the dissolution of NO₃⁻ ions and helps form a dense solid electrolyte interface that is Li₃N-rich which guides uniform Li deposition. In addition, the Rb (18-crown-6)⁺ complexes are adsorbed on the dendrite tips, shielding them from Li deposition on the dendrite tips. A high CE of 97.1% is achieved with a capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻² in a half cell, much higher than when using the additive-free electrolyte (92.2%). Such an additive is very compatible with a nickel-rich ternary cathode at a high voltage, and the assembled full battery with a cathode material loading up to 10 mg cm⁻² shows an average CE of 99.8% over 200 cycles, indicating a potential for practical use.     

聚合物对旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响

为了研究聚合物对水力旋流器内油滴聚结与分离效率的影响规律,以螺旋导流内锥式旋流器为研究对象,利用群体平衡模型(PBM)方法对不合聚与含聚0.5‰工况下油水两相在旋流器内的速度场、黏度场、油滴聚结、运移特性及分离效率进行数值分析,并通过实验验证.结果 表明:聚合物的加入增大了水相黏度,使油滴在旋流器内最大停留时间与轴向运动距离增加,增加了油滴碰撞聚结的机会,但降低轴心处油滴向上运动的轴向速度,使油滴无法快速从溢流口流出,最终从底流口流出,增加油水分离的难度.与不合聚时相比,含聚0.5‰工况下,轴心处的油滴粒径与含油体积分数较高,但简化分离效率由99.79％降低至94.72％.通过马尔文粒度仪对两种工况下入口与出口的油滴粒径进行测试,含聚0.5‰时溢流与底流口油滴粒径高于不合聚时,验证了模拟的准确性.     

Bioinspired Supramolecular Slippery Organogels for Controlling Pathogen Spread by Respiratory Droplets

Surface-deposited pathogens are sources for the spread of infectious diseases. Protecting public facilities with a replaceable or recyclable antifouling coating is a promising approach to control pathogen transmission. However, most antifouling coatings are less effective in preventing pathogen-contained respiratory droplets because these tiny droplets are difficult to repel, and the deposited pathogens can remain viable from hours to days. Inspired by mucus, an antimicrobial supramolecular organogel for the control of microdroplet-mediated pathogen spread is developed. The developed organogel coating harvests a couple of unique features including localized molecular control-release, readily damage healing, and persistent fouling-release properties, which are preferential for antifouling coating. Microdroplets deposited on the organogel surfaces will be spontaneously wrapped with a thin liquid layer, and will therefore be disinfected rapidly due to a mechanism of spatially enhanced release of bactericidal molecules. Furthermore, the persistent fouling-release and damage-healing properties will significantly extend the life-span of the coating, making it promising for diverse applications.     

一种关于旅行商问题适用范围的优化方法

针对旅行商问题适用范围存在的局限性,结合实际的仓库拣货作业优化实例开展研究.考虑仓库内各货位点之间的相对位置关系以及拣货员可能行走的路线,设计出关于拣货员行走路线的分类算法;提出虚拟点的概念来解决旅行商问题求解时起点、终点不一致的问题;利用虚拟点,根据任务单要求找出拣货员所有的最优位置访问顺序;比较每一种情况,得到拣货员的最优路径,以实现缩短拣货总时间、减少人力和物力的总目标,较好地提高拣货效率.     

Scallops as a new source of food protein: high-intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein

In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.