A tool for mass transfer evaluation in packed-bed columns for chemical engineering students

This paper presents a Microsoft Excel tool to calculate liquid-gas mass transfer coefficients in packed towers to support numerical design activities in the courses of Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design for the Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy).The Mass Transfer Solver Tool (MT Solver Tool) uses several available models to estimate, separately, the values of liquid and gas mass-transfer coefficients and the wet surface area for 144 random and structured packings of interest for absorption/stripping and distillation processes. In addition, a separate spreadsheet can be used in a user-defined mode, to evaluate the mass transfer coefficients with new packing types or to interpret experimental data when the geometrical and physical characteristics of the packing are known. Eventually, the tool is supplied with a data library, where packing geometry and model fitting parameters can be retrieved.The software is aimed to support students and educators in the Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design courses. In particular, this is meant to be an example on how the accuracy of design algorithms adopted in unit operation processes is affected by the use of the underpinning correlations for mass transfer rate or pressure drops. Besides, this is aimed to encourage comparison of different correlations when exact field data are not available. Besides, chemical engineers and researchers interested in packed columns design and modelling data may also benefit from the utilization of the software. The MT Solver Tool was introduced to students in a dedicated tutorial lesson after lecturers on packed column design algorithms for distillation, absorption and stripping. Most of the students of the course participated to a group training aimed to simulate the design of an absorption column supported by the MT Solver Tool providing feedback on its application.After the training, an anonymous survey was proposed to the students to monitor the approval rating of the proposed activity and the use of the MT Solver Tool software to support numerical calculations.     

分析铁路改良粉细砂填料应用性能试验

在设计铁路路基的填料时,最常出现的是在进行铁路建设的地方就地取材。在以粉细砂为主的地区通常会选择用粉细砂作为铁路的填料,在所有的填料中,粉细砂填料属于C组类型填料,但是因为两个方面的原因需要对其进行一定的改良,一方面是因为粉细砂的粒径比较单一、级配不好,K30不能够满足规范标准的要求;另一方面则是因为大型机械不能够进行施工。本文通过掺入不同体积A、B组砾砂填料到粉细砂填料中进行试验,结果显示这种操作可以在不同程度上提高K30的值,从而在达到相关设计要求的同时解决施工方面的难题。     

往复活塞式压缩机活塞杆温度高故障分析及改造

针对2台2D40型空气压缩机在实际试机过程中,活塞杆温度过高,导致连锁报警,压缩机不能正常工作的问题进行了详细的故障原因分析;对压缩机技术性能参数进行介绍;对压缩机的损伤情况进行说明并找到改造方案,解决机组运行中活塞杆温度过高的问题,从而提高机组的运行效率,使机组运行安全、稳定。     

35克素牛排单片重量控制方案探究

目的探究制定公司畅销产品大豆蛋白类食品35克素牛排的重量控制方案。方法研发人员通过查阅相关资料、采集生产与管理人员的意见、跟踪生产全程等手段获取实验方向,并通过小实验改变工艺条件和生产试验进一步验证工艺条件,探寻出了35克素牛排在生产过程中的重量变化规律、重量不稳定的主要原因及改进措施。结果 35克素牛排的单片重量与产品卤制工序呈影响极显著,与原材料重量、油炸工序差异显著。结论原材料控制在11克以上,油炸时间2分钟,最佳卤制时间10分钟,产品的单片重量合格率提高到90%以上。     

Liquid-solid mass transfer in a rotating packed bed reactor with structured foam packing

A rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor is a barrier for its design and scale-up. In this work, the liquid–solid mass transfer in a RPB reactor installed with structured foam packing was experimentally studied using copper dissolution by potassium dichromate. Effects of rotational speed, liquid and gas volumetric flow rate on the liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient (k_LS) have been investigated. The correlation for predicting k_LS was proposed, and the deviation between the experimental and predicted values was within ± 12%. The liquid–solid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_LSa_LS) ranged from 0.04–0.14 1⁻¹, which was approximately 5 times larger than that in the packed bed reactor. This work lays the foundation for modeling of the RPB reactor packed with structured foam packing for heterogeneous catalytic reaction.     

多晶硅生产中残液搅拌罐密封结构的改造

在处理多晶硅生产中产生的残液时,残液搅拌罐填料密封出现泄漏,针对此问题提出了优化措施,达到了预期效果。     

Reducing the Singlet−Triplet Energy Gap by End-Group π−π Stacking Toward High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics

To improve the power conversion efficiencies for organic solar cells, it is necessary to enhance light absorption and reduce energy loss simultaneously. Both the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states need to energertically approach the charge-transfer state to reduce the energy loss in exciton dissociation and by triplet recombination. Meanwhile, the S1 energy needs to be decreased to broaden light absorption. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the singlet−triplet energy gap (ΔE_ST), particularly for the narrow-bandgap materials that determine the device T1 energy. Although maximizing intramolecular push−pull effect can drastically decrease ΔE_ST, it inevitably results in weak oscillator strength and light absorption. Herein, large oscillator strength (≈3) and a moderate ΔE_ST (0.4−0.5 eV) are found for state-of-the-art A−D−A small-molecule acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6) owing to modest push−pull effect. Importantly, end-group π−π stacking commonly in the films can substantially decrease the S1 energy by nearly 0.1 eV, but the T1 energy is hardly changed. The obtained reduction of ΔE_ST is crucial to effectively suppress triplet recombination and acquire small exciton dissociation driving force. Thus, end-group π−π stacking is an effective way to achieve both small energy loss and efficient light absorption for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.     

四老沟矿11#层402盘区自燃火灾事故的处理

介绍了大同煤矿集团公司四老沟矿11#层封闭盘区回风巷自燃火灾事故灭火方案的确定及实施,分析了事故原因,提出了防范对策.     

DW28-35单体液压支柱新型密封装置的研制

介绍了一种新型的密封装置,解决了单体液压支柱长期因密封结构不合理造成的密封失效等问题以及对单体液压支柱使用寿命的影响。     

超高压压缩机填料盘微动疲劳机理与减缓措施的研究

所有开裂填料盘的裂纹均发生在填料盘圆周方向,并且裂纹是沿着周向和厚度方向扩展的,通过对填料盘受力分析可知,填料盘在内压作用下两相邻填料盘之间的相对滑动量只有微米量级,因此填料盘的失效是由于微动疲劳磨损造成的,从微动疲劳寿命与无微动时拉伸疲劳应力的关系着手,确定影响微动疲劳寿命的因素。根据填料盘的工作条件,提出了减缓填料盘微动疲劳的措施,并取得了较好的效果。