微波提取红豆杉枝叶中多糖的工艺研究

在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,优化了皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的微波提取工艺。研究了提取时间、微波功率、料液比和浸泡时间对红豆杉枝叶多糖提取率的影响,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的数学模型,确立最佳提取工艺。结果表明:皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖的最佳提取工艺为:微波提取6.11 min,液料比为30∶1,浸泡时间为119.21 min,微波功率为6 kW。该方法为提高皖南红豆杉枝叶中多糖成分的提取提供了基础。     

Swelling Pressure of Wet Rice Grains Estimated from Distribution Coefficients of Saccharides

The apparent density and porosity of four rice cultivars, Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, decreased and increased, respectively, with the increasing temperature in the range of 5 °C to 60 °C. Especially large changes in both apparent density and porosity were observed at 60 °C, which can be ascribed to the starch gelatinization of rice. The swelling pressures of wet rice grains were estimated to be 7.5, 6.3, 6.2, and 5.9 MPa at 25 °C for Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, respectively, from the distribution coefficients of solutes with different molar volumes. Rice grains having higher amylose content exhibited a weak tendency toward higher swelling pressure. The distribution coefficients of fructose for the Koshihikari and Habutaemochi cultivars were larger at higher temperatures, but the temperature dependence of the swelling pressure was not significant for both cultivars. These results suggested that the increase in the distribution coefficient was caused by the gradual relaxation of the interior structure of rice with increasing temperature.     

糖谱法比较不同产地竹荪多糖结构特征

利用微波辅助水提取长裙竹荪水溶性多糖,高效凝胶排阻色谱联用多角度激光光散射和糖谱法联用荧光辅助凝胶电泳分析比较不同产地长裙竹荪多糖结构特征。结果表明：不同产地长裙竹荪多糖的高效凝胶排阻色谱图、重均分子质量及其分布均相似,并均含有α-1,4-、α-1,6-、β-1,3-和β-1,4-葡萄糖苷键,以及α-1,4-半乳糖醛酸苷键和β-2,1-果糖苷键,不同产地长裙竹荪多糖具有较高相似性。     

半纤维素小分子衍生糖分离纯化研究进展

以低聚糖为代表的各类半纤维素小分子衍生糖具有特殊的生物学功能,其制备的关键步骤之一是分离纯化。本文总结了半纤维素小分子衍生糖种类及其制备方法,重点对现有分离纯化方法进行了综述和分析,相关问题的探讨对于高温液态水法制备半纤维素小分子衍生糖具有重要参考价值。     

Synthesis,Molecular Docking Analysis and Biological Evaluations of Saccharide-Modified Thiadiazole Sulfonamide Derivatives

A series of saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives has been designed and synthesized by the “tail approach” and evaluated for inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII. Most of the compounds showed high topological polar surface area (TPSA) values and excellent enzyme inhibitory activity. The impacts of some compounds on the viability of HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and MG-63 human cancer cell lines were examined under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and they showed certain inhibitory effects on cell viability. Moreover, it was found that the series of compounds had the ability to raise the pH of the tumor cell microenvironment. All the results proved that saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamides have important research prospects for the development of CA IX inhibitors.     

Natural Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Components for One-Step 3D Printing Tough Hydrogels

Natural polysaccharides (NPS) are regarded as biomolecular and structural components for preparing high-performance tough hydrogels. But the one-step fabrication of NPS-containing hydrogels in seconds and the template-free design of complicated high-resolution structures are still significant challenges in this field. To meet these requirements, various NPS-containing tough hydrogels are fabricated and processed into 2D/3D structures via the combination of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-mediated photochemistry and extrusion 3D printing technique. The whole fabrication process is one-step, completed in tens of seconds under visible light irradiation. It is found that the used NPS plays a key role in achieving the fabrication of high-performance structured tough hydrogels. The high reactivity of functional groups in the used NPS can shorten their gelation times. Long rigid chains of the used NPS, their hierarchical assemblies, and contrasting multinetworks benefit from the efficient dissipation of mechanical energy and enhancement of its operational stability. Strong supramolecular interactions enable hydrogel precursors to have high viscosities, therefore providing good controllability to design high-resolution and complicated tough hydrogel structures via extrusion 3D printing. It is anticipated that this straightforward fabrication strategy and findings will open new horizons for NPS-containing materials.     

Photocatalytic mineralisation of organic compounds: a comparison of flame-made TiO2 catalysts

A comparative photocatalytic analysis was carried out on TiO₂ made in a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process and flame-made Degussa P25. Both have similar crystallinity, phase composition, phase segregation and a non-porous surface. Hence comparison was made based on their difference in specific surface area, organic adsorption and the amount of OH• generated upon illumination. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out using the following series of organic compounds: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maleic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, isobutyric acid, phenol and methanol. FSP-made TiO₂ outperformed P25 for saccharides mineralisation, while for phenol and methanol mineralisation P25 was better than FSP-made TiO₂. Similar mineralisation rates were observed for both FSP-made and P25 TiO₂ for the mineralisation of carboxylic acids. This shows that the relative performance of the photocatalysts depends on the type of organic compounds to be degraded. The high surface area and possibly a more efficient interfacial charge transfer of FSP-made TiO₂ provided an efficient pathway for saccharides mineralisation. As for phenol and methanol, the mineralisation rates were higher when using P25 due to the greater amount of OH• radicals generated by this photocatalyst. The fast mineralisation rates of carboxylic acids made degradation of these organic compounds to be less affected by the TiO₂ photocatalyst properties and conditions tested in this work.     

Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques and Their Applications

Natural saccharides are involved in numerous biological processes. It has been shown that these carbohydrates play a role in cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as protein stabilization, organization, and recognition. Certain carbohydrates also serve as receptors for viruses and bacteria. They are over expressed in diseases such as cancer. Hence, a lot of effort has been focused on mimicking these sugars. Polymers with pendent saccharide groups, also known as glycopolymers, are studied as oligo‐ and polysaccharide mimics. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP), as well as cyanoxyl‐mediated free radical polymerization have allowed chemists to synthesize well‐defined glycopolymers that, in some cases, have particular end‐group functionalities. This review focuses on the synthesis of glycopolymers by these methods and the applications of glycopolymers as natural saccharide mimics.     

分光光度法测定芋粉中总还原糖含量

目的 建立竹芋粉中总还原糖含量的 3,5－二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色测定方法。 方法 以葡萄糖为标 准品, 以 3,5－二硝基水杨酸(DNS)为显色剂, 用分光光度法测定竹芋粉中总还原糖的含量。 结果 在最大吸收 波长为 480 nm, 测得回收率为 98.3%～101.2%, 相对标准偏差为?1.7%, 竹芋粉中总还原糖含量为 77.83%, 竹 芋粉中淀粉含量为 70.05 %。结论 本方法适用于竹芋粉中总还原糖含量的测定。     

米粉液化过程糖组分变化的研究

与常用的玉米、木薯淀粉比较 ,用TermamglTypeLSPlus高温α -淀粉酶作用糯、粳、籼等品种的稻米粉 ,以高效液相色谱测定其液化过程糖组分的变化 ,研究了米粉液化水解速度和程度的规律 ,以及“α -淀粉酶极限糊精”的存在