Distinct Pharmacological Properties of Gaseous CO and CO-Releasing Molecule in Human Platelets

Carbon monoxide (CO)—gaseous or released by CO-RMs—both possess antiplatelet properties; however, it remains uncertain whether the mechanisms involved are the same. Here, we characterise the involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in the effects of CO—delivered by gaseous CO–saturated buffer (CO_G) and generated by CORM-A1—on platelet aggregation and energy metabolism, as well as on vasodilatation in aorta, using light transmission aggregometry, Seahorse XFe technique, and wire myography, respectively. ODQ completely prevented the inhibitory effect of CO_G on platelet aggregation, but did not modify antiplatelet effect of CORM-A1. In turn, CO_G did not affect, whereas CORM-A1 substantially inhibited energy metabolism in platelets. Even though activation of sGC by BAY 41-2272 or BAY 58-2667 inhibited significantly platelet aggregation, their effects on energy metabolism in platelets were absent or weak and could not contribute to antiplatelet effects of sGC activation. In contrast, vasodilatation of murine aortic rings, induced either by CO_G or CORM-A1, was dependent on sGC. We conclude that the source (CO_G vs. CORM-A1) and kinetics (rapid vs. slow) of CO delivery represent key determinants of the mechanism of antiplatelet action of CO, involving either impairment of energy metabolism or activation of sGG.     

某铁矿强磁尾矿反浮选回收试验研究

针对我国西部某铁矿强磁选尾矿进行了反浮选回收铁资源的试验研究, 探讨了pH值、抑制剂可溶性淀粉用量、阳离子捕收剂十二胺用量对浮选指标的影响。结果表明, 在矿浆pH=10、可溶性淀粉用量2 400 g/t、十二胺用量400 g/t条件下进行一粗一精(精选药剂用量减半)闭路反浮选, 可获得铁品位43.88%、回收率50.93%的铁精矿产品。     

Production of the Carboxylate Reductase from Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a Soluble,Active Form for in vitro Applications

Accessing aldehydes from carboxylate moieties is often a challenging task. In this regard, carboxylate reductases (CARs) are promising catalysts provided by nature that are able to accomplish this task in just one step, avoiding over-reduction to the alcohol product. However, the heterologous expression of CARs can be quite difficult due to the excessive formation of insoluble protein, thus hindering further characterization and application of the enzyme. Here, the heterologous production of the carboxylate reductase from Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (NoCAR) was optimized by a combination of i) optimized cultivation conditions, ii) post-translational modification with a phosphopantetheinyl transferase and iii) selection of an appropriate expression strain. Especially, the selection of Escherichia coli tuner cells as host had a strong effect on the final 110-fold increase in the specific activity of NoCAR. This highly active NoCAR was used to reduce sodium benzoate to benzaldehyde, and it was successfully assembled with an in vitro regeneration of ATP and NADPH, being capable of reducing about 30 mM sodium benzoate with high selectivity in only 2 h of reaction.     

Extraction and characterisation of pectin polysaccharide from soybean dreg and its dispersion stability in acidified milk drink

In this study, pectin polysaccharide (SDPP) was obtained from soybean dreg (26.2% yield), and characteristics of SDPP were compared with those of soybean soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) and citrus pectin (HMP). The galacturonic acid and molecular weight of SSPS, SDPP or HMP were 11.8%, 40.6% or 70.2% and 112, 446, or 440 kDa. SDPP had similar viscosity and protein content to SSPS, and functional groups and linear structure to HMP. SSPS, SDPP or HMP differed in particle size of 260, 467 or 1195 nm and ζ–potential of −5.8, −14.6 or −23.5 mV at pH 4.0. The precipitation of acidified milk drink (AMD) was 6.31% without stabiliser or below 1.75% with 0.4% SDPP at pH 3.6–4.6. These results suggested that SDPP combines the structure and characteristic of HMP and SSPS, and AMD with SDPP had great stabilising behaviour at wider pH range (pH 3.6–4.6).     

Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Phenotype and Cognitive Abilities in a Murine Model of Niemann Pick Type C Disease

Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive inherited childhood neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, involving the autophagy-lysosome system. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that metabolizes epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) to 12-diols, exerts beneficial effects in modulating inflammation and autophagy, critical features of the NPC disease. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UB-EV-52, an sEH inhibitor (sEHi), in an NPC mouse model (Npc) by administering it for 4 weeks (5 mg/kg/day). Behavioral and cognitive tests (open-field test (OF)), elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition test (NORT) and object location test (OLT) demonstrated that the treatment produced an improvement in short- and long-term memory as well as in spatial memory. Furthermore, UB-EV-52 treatment increased body weight and lifespan by 25% and reduced gene expression of the inflammatory markers (i.e., Il-1β and Mcp1) and enhanced oxidative stress (OS) markers (iNOS and Hmox1) in the treated Npc mice group. As for autophagic markers, surprisingly, we found significantly reduced levels of LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio and significantly reduced brain protein levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) in treated Npc mice group compared to untreated ones in hippocampal tissue. Lipid profile analysis showed a significant reduction of lipid storage in the liver and some slight changes in homogenated brain tissue in the treated NPC mice compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH ameliorates most of the characteristic features of NPC mice, demonstrating that sEH can be considered a potential therapeutic target for this disease.     

超高效液相色谱法测定清咽糖中6种绿原酸类化合物的含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱法同时测定清咽糖中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸6种绿原酸类化合物的含量。方法采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8μm),以乙腈、0.4%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长327 nm,柱温35℃。结果 6种成分在相应的线性范围内呈良好的线性关系。精密度、重复性、稳定性实验中6种成分峰面积的相对标准偏差均小于3.0%,平均加样回收率为93.77%～104.37%,相对标准偏差为0.28%～1.86%。结论该方法具有良好的专属性和重现性,加样回收率实验符合要求,结果准确、稳定,适用于同时测定清咽糖中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量。     

金黄色葡萄球菌便携式计数测试片的研制

为了研制新型便携式计数测试片检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌,本文通过正交试验对金黄色葡萄球菌测试片中培养基成份进行优化;研究冷水可溶性凝胶的复配比例,以及优化后的表面活性剂对复配凝胶质构特性的影响。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌测试片中培养基组分为胰蛋白胨10 g/L,牛肉膏5 g/L,酵母膏1 g/L,甘氨酸12 g/L,氯化锂5 g/L,尿素0.2 g/L,亚碲酸钾10 mg/L,卵黄粉6 g/L,表面活性剂最优添加量为D-甘露醇4 g/L,丙酮酸钠5 g/L;冷水可溶性凝胶复配比例为瓜尔胶:聚丙烯酸钠=7:3;添加优化后的D-甘露醇和丙酮酸钠的复合冷水可溶性凝胶可获得最优的凝胶质构,其硬度和黏性分别为1362.04 g和630.41 g。将本研究的测试片与国标平板计数方法相比,其检测结果相关性良好(R^2=0.995),可达到相同水平的检出限2CFU/m L和灵敏度(100%)。本文研究的金黄色葡萄球菌测试片可应用于食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的定量检测。     

蒽酮比色法快速测定大麦叶片中可溶性糖含量的优化

以大麦嫩苗鲜叶为试验材料,对经典蒽酮比色法反应体系中蒽酮及硫酸的用量、反应温度、反应时间、样品提取时间以及叶片取样部位等条件进行优化研究。结果表明,对蒽酮硫酸反应体系进行优化后的条件为:最佳蒽酮用量为100μL、浓硫酸为1 000μL;显色反应温度为100℃,最佳反应时间7 min;样品提取时间以沸水浴10 min为宜;大麦叶片取样部位以倒二叶顶部较为合适。该方法操作简单、快速、实用性强,可为植物样品可溶性糖指标快速筛选提供有效的参考价值。     

脂肪酸糖醇酯制备脂质纳米载体对姜黄素的包裹及释放性能的研究

采用溶解-超声法,以质量比90∶10的肉豆蔻酸赤藓糖醇单酯和月桂酸乙二醇单酯复配物为原料制备了脂质纳米载体,并对疏水性药物姜黄素进行包载,采用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对脂质纳米载体进行形态学表征,然后利用体外模拟消化系统探究包载姜黄素的脂质纳米载体进入消化道的释放与分解情况。结果表明:得到了粒径分布均匀、大小分别为250.63 nm及265.42nm的空脂质纳米载体及包载姜黄素的脂质纳米载体,包载率达到94.60%;通过不同温度的体外释放实验,发现在37、42℃下姜黄素释放率快速达到98%以上,证明脂质纳米载体对37℃以上的温度具有温敏性;在胃部消化过程中包载姜黄素的脂质纳米载体发生了载体溶解,姜黄素释放率快速上升达到97.81%并趋于平稳;而在胰脂酶、胆汁盐及pH的共同影响下,姜黄素在进入模拟的肠道环境后发生分解,其含量随消化进程快速下降,30 min便分解殆尽。