煤炭资源型城市转型模式研究：以徐州贾汪区为例

煤炭资源型城市为我国经济发展提供了重要的资源和能源支持,研究资源型城市转型的经验模式对调整区域经济结构、确保社会稳定和改善生态环境具有重要的实践意义。本文采用文献综述法和实证分析法,研究我国东部煤炭资源枯竭型城市转型所面临的共性难题,并以徐州贾汪区转型探索经历为例,总结城市转型的"徐州贾汪区模式",主要包括放大正向外部效应、长期坚持矿地融合、大力建设矿区社会生态系统恢复力三条路径。研究结果表明,煤炭城市转型发展的共性问题相互联系、相互影响,是一个系统性难题,必须引入系统性思维。我国东部矿区普遍人口密集,农业发达、沉陷积水是最主要的共性特征,煤炭开采产生的社会问题、经济问题、生态问题、环境问题基本相同,转型发展模式值得互鉴。     

“Laboratorio Q”, Seville: creative production of collective spaces before and after austerity

The creative city approach is going through a redefinition after the 2008 global financial crisis. In the specific case of South-European cities, in the context of austerity and cuts in public investment, creativity is becoming a strategy for achieving maximum social benefit and improvement of the built environment with minimum economic expenditure. This paper looks at this redefinition of creativity through the case study of Seville, in southern Spain. Through research methods that include video-recorded testimonies of the actors involved, mapping at the online platform “Laboratorio Q”, and public engagement activities, this paper explores how the civic society, professional, and public authorities have reinvented how to produce collective spaces. The paper concludes that bottom-up creative processes for producing collective spaces have become more visible since the 2008 crisis, when architects, planners, public authorities and policy-makers have been “learning” from them.     

Potential pitfalls of smart city development: A study on parking mobile applications (apps) in Hong Kong

Smart cities are built upon information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enable a broad range of advanced services. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study identified four pitfalls brought by the pervasive application of ICT, including information insecurity, privacy leakage, information islands, and digital divide. Therefore, a questionnaire survey together with 27 interviews was conducted in Hong Kong to investigate how the public perceived these pitfalls within the context of mobile apps providing real-time parking information which form a major part of smart mobility. System insecurity and privacy leakage were found to arouse worries among the app-users while their awareness of protecting personal data was found to have room for improvement. Islands of real-time parking information occur as a result of the lack of collaboration among private carpark operators. Digital divide existed widely among the disadvantaged groups and the problem cannot be solved by mere provision of ICT facilities. Overall, technologies alone cannot make a city smart or smarter. It is the suitable way in which ICTs are used to serve all citizens that matters.     

CNG-电混动公交车道路行驶工况与排放特性研究

CNG-电公交车以天然气作为发动机燃料,辅以电机共同驱动的混合动力车辆,车辆行驶速度低、启动频繁等特性,发动机实际运行工况与型式检验工况具有较大差异。为研究其实际行驶工况与排放特性,选取4辆国V排放标准的CNG-电混合动力公交车,往返于市区与城郊,使用PEMS(portable emission measurement system)实时收集车辆行驶及NO_X排放数据。结果表明,发动机运行工况集中于中低功率段,与型式检验工况差异较大,污染物排放集中于发动机切入车辆传动系统的临界车速附近。     

基于低影响开发理念的雨水控制设计计算

文中介绍了某电影文化综合体项目采用的集中雨水控制利用技术:透水性地面铺装、屋顶绿化、下凹式绿地、微生态雨水处理回用一体机。通过合理划分汇水面积,结合项目实际情况,计算给出了在限定年径流总量控制率的条件下,合理采用多种手段联合,使项目符合《绿色建筑评价标准》(GB/T 50378—2014)中的场地生态设计要求,实现了海绵城市的控制目标,也为类似工程提供了参考思路。     

基于开源技术的城市地理信息平台构建方法研究

摘 要：针对城市地理信息平台构建过程中存在的数据获取困难、研发成本较高等问题， 引入开源技术，对基于开源数据、开源开发平台与开源工具的城市地理信息平台构建技术进行 研究。所提出的城市地理信息平台由数据模块与可视化模块 2 部分组成。为构建数据模块，由 开源地理信息项目(OSM)获取了建筑与区划数据，并设计了建筑合并算法以提升数据质量。建 筑数据随之基于行政区划分级存储，通过由 ASP. NET 构建的数据接口提供给具体应用。可视 化模块则基于开源地理信息系统(GIS)项目 Cesium 实现，并设计了完善的用户界面。以北京市 为例，完成了原型系统的开发与测试，证实了该技术体系的可行性，通过开源技术降低平台研 发成本，推进城市地理信息平台的研究与应用。     

海绵城市建设PPP项目委托代理契约分析

针对海绵城市PPP(Public-Private Partnership)项目建设、运营管理问题,为了降低由于项目参与的各方掌握信息、地位的不对称而产生的道德风险、维护各参与方的合法权益,基于一定的前提假设,构建海绵城市建设PPP项目契约模型,利用优化理论分别从代理企业和政府方两个主体的效用对模型的各个参数相关关系进行了分析,并利用数值模拟讨论了监控机制各参数对政府方监控意愿的影响。最后,结合常德市海绵城市PPP项目建设的案例,分别分析在当前考核机制下项目在建设、运营期可能存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策以解决这些问题。结果表明:代理企业的监控和激励措施具有互补性,海绵工程项目风险来源广泛,企业为规避风险会偏好零风险的固定收益,设定监控机制能激励企业更加努力的工作。     

基于城市形象传播的吉祥物创新设计研究

目的 针对目前国内城市吉祥物形象直线的传播方式以及造型设计雷同，缺乏个性化表达等问题,创新城市吉祥物设计，推动城市经济文化产业向前发展。方法 深入发掘城市内涵，并且将城市地域特征与历史文化相结合，让吉祥物成为一个城市的代表。在造型设计上注重赋予吉祥物灵魂，注重五官的传神与内心状态的传达，利用三维表现方法，借助VR技术，在吉祥物与观众之间搭建网上交流平台，多角度多层次地将直线的吉祥物形象传播形式转变成互动循环传播模式。通过这一创新理念设计出的吉祥物既具备鲜明的个性特征，又能传达城市文化精神内涵。结论 只有创新吉祥物造型设计与设计传播方式，才能使吉祥物具备独特的吸引力，更好地被大众接受，从侧面有效地传播城市文化理念，推动城市经济发展，提升城市在国际上的知名度。     

The legitimacy gap of algorithmic decision-making in the public sector: Why it arises and how to address it

Algorithmic decision-making (ADM) systems are increasingly adopted by the state to support various administrative functions and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of public services, such as in unemployment services or policing. While these systems create challenges of opaqueness, unfairness, and value trade-offs, the present paper argues that a more fundamental challenge lies in the way these systems alter the epistemic bases of decision-making. It contributes to the literature by highlighting why procedural standards of legitimacy in operative decision-making no longer suffice for certain applications and by discussing how the resulting legitimacy gap can be addressed through stakeholder involvement. By adapting research on participatory technology assessments to the particularities of ADM system design, it is possible to identify the core challenges of such a stakeholder process and the necessary steps to deal with them.     

基于遗传算法-BP神经网络法的深埋地下水水质评价

为探究开封市地下水水质特征及成因,依据开封市31眼深度600～1 600m地下水开采井的水质检测资料,系统研究了各亚含水层的水化学特征,利用遗传算法-BP神经网络法进行了水质评价,并从埋深、富水性两个方面分析了水质特征的分布规律。结果表明,开封市600～800m亚含水层地下水水质最好,800～1 400m次之,1 400～1 600m亚含水层水质最差,随着埋深的增加,水质变差,富水性越强、水质越好。可见遗传算法-BP神经网络法能够客观地描述地下水水质综合情况,避免了人为主观影响,使评价结果更为合理。