Flash Lamps as Ignition and Initiation Sources of the VS-2 Pyrotechnic Composition

In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS-2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC-500 and EVIS. VS-2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90% of mercury（Ⅱ） 5-hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10% of optically transparent copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid （PVMT）. We have found that the flash lamps make it possible to initiate combustion of VS-2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high， and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^-2 and 90 mg·cm^-2， showing ignition delay times 10 μs and 3 μs， respectively. We also measured detonation velocities for VS-2 composition film charges， which were 4375-4505 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^-2） and 4221-4281 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 90 mg·cm^-2） and their blasting action on the aluminum plate. The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge-barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^-2） and 1.2-1.3 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^-2）.     

非常规气藏储层改造体积评价方法研究

为精确描述非常规气藏压裂后的复杂流动特征及定量评价储层改造体积（SRV），利用自主研发的缝网重构算法“破裂树生长法”建立压后缝网模型，并以此为基础提出了使用拟稳态流动时特定的压力等值线来确定SRV范围的定量评价方法，最后以长宁201井区为例进行了矿场实例分析。该方法根据微地震监测点的位置，重构出微裂缝网的连通关系。在复杂微裂缝网的基础上建立离散裂缝地质模型并进行生产数值模拟，根据数值模拟结果的压力分布精确划定SRV的范围。利用该方法计算出长宁201井区的SRV体积为0.052 1 km3，以该缝网模型的数值模拟产量预测结果符合实际生产规律，方法实用性较好。     

地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

Radiation- and Photo-Induced Oxidation Pathways of Methionine in Model Peptide Backbone under Anoxic Conditions

Within the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cellular metabolisms, hydroxyl radicals (HO^•) play an important role, being the most aggressive towards biomolecules. The reactions of HO^• with methionine residues (Met) in peptides and proteins have been intensively studied, but some fundamental aspects remain unsolved. In the present study we examined the biomimetic model made of Ac-Met-OMe, as the simplest model peptide backbone, and of HO^• generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. We performed the identification and quantification of transient species by pulse radiolysis and of final products by LC-MS and high-resolution MS/MS after γ-radiolysis. By parallel photochemical experiments, using 3-carboxybenzophenone (CB) triplet with the model peptide, we compared the outcomes in terms of short-lived intermediates and stable product identification. The result is a detailed mechanistic scheme of Met oxidation by HO^•, and by CB triplets allowed for assigning transient species to the pathways of products formation.     

Additive Manufacturing of Stable Energy Storage Devices Using a Multinozzle Printing System

The development of the Internet of things has prompted an exponential increase in the demand for flexible, wearable devices, thereby posing new challenges to their integration and conformalization. Additive manufacturing facilitates the fabrication of complex parts via a single integrated process. Herein, the development of a multinozzle, multimaterial printing device is reported. This device accommodates the various characteristics of printing materials, ensures high-capacity printing, and can accommodate a wide range of material viscosities from 0 to 1000 Cp. Complete capacitors, inclusive of the current collector, electrode, and electrolyte, can be printed without repeated clamping to complete the preheating, printing, and sintering processes. This method addresses the poor stability issue associated with printed electrode materials. Furthermore, after the intercalation of LiFePO₄ with Na ions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results reveal that the Na ions permeate the interlayer structure of LiFePO₄, enhancing the ion migration channels by increasing the ion transmission rate. A current rate of 2.5 mAh ensures >2000 charge/discharge cycles, while retaining a charge/discharge efficiency of 96% and a discharge capacity of 91.3 mAh g⁻¹. This manufacturing process can provide conformal power modules for a diverse range of portable devices with various shapes, improving space utilization.     

Laboratory Studies to Determine Suitable Chemicals to Improve Oil Recovery from Garzan Oil Field

Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated.     

浅析混凝土搅拌站的防雷

近年来,我市因雷击而导致搅拌站系统瘫痪停产、影响工程进度的事件时有发生,在针对混凝土搅拌站配料秤的实际检定工作中,也常发现配料秤的称重传感器因雷击损坏而影响计量准确性。因此,对混凝土搅拌站防雷的研究具有重要意义。本文阐述了雷电对混凝土搅拌站的主要危害,分析了混凝土搅拌站常见的雷击原因及其防护措施,旨在引起生产方、安装方以及使用方对混凝土搅拌站防雷的共同重视。     

闭口闪点测定方法的对比分析

对我国常用的闭口闪点测定方法宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法、阿贝尔闭口杯法和泰格闭口杯法的测定原理进行对比分析，并采用这3种方法分别对2种有证标准样品、4种有机试剂样品和7种喷气燃料样品的闭口闪点进行测定。结果表明：这3种方法在适用范围、仪器结构、升温速率和点火操作要求等方面都有一定差异，导致采用这3种方法测定同一样品的闭口闪点结果略有差异，闪点测定结果之间的最大差值与样品闪点的高低呈正相关；与阿贝尔闭口杯法相比，宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法测得的闪点结果较高，对于3号喷气燃料，二者之差为0～1.0 ℃，阿贝尔闭口杯法更适合3号喷气燃料闭口闪点的测定；对于纯有机试剂样品，阿贝尔闭口杯法和宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法测得的闪点结果呈现较好的线性关系。     

闪蒸纺纳微米纤维非织造技术的研究进展

为拓展纳微米纤维的制备方法,拓宽防护服面料的来源,对闪蒸法制备纳微米纤维非织造布及其用于防护服的研究进展进行综述。介绍了闪蒸纺丝所用原料的种类及目前存在的问题,对纺丝工艺、纺丝过程及产品进行阐述;总结了闪蒸纺丝技术国内外研究现状及趋势,分析了闪蒸非织造布的特点和应用;讨论了闪蒸非织造布防护服的分类以及目前使用中存在的问题;最后提出闪蒸纺丝技术是目前发展前景良好的纳微米纤维非织造布制备技术,闪蒸非织造布可作为一种理想的防护服面料,发展该技术对提高我国非织造行业技术水平,保护人民生命健康具有重要意义。     

非平稳条件下基于贝叶斯网络的内涝风险评估和管理方法

受非平稳条件因素(如气候变化、城市化)的影响,近几年内涝灾害频发。以Z市某地块为研究区域,借助地理信息系统(ArcGIS)和暴雨雨洪管理模型(SWMM)实现研究区排水管网的水动力模拟。在不同降雨情境下,比较分析现状系统及不同改造方案下的系统溢流量等信息,计算内涝风险指数。采用贝叶斯网络分析工具(Bayes Server)对引发内涝风险的主要因素进行推理、识别和分析,进而构建内涝风险评估模型。该模型便于决策者根据设计需求,结合各因素的不确定性范围和发生概率值,综合选取最适合的改造措施,优化市政排水防涝规划,为市政基础设施建设提供了依据。