Electrodeposition of B,Ni co-doped diamond-like carbon films on AZ91D magnesium alloy: Corrosion and wear resistance

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses brilliant and excellent properties, including excellent corrosion resistance as well as outstanding wear resistance. Ni and B co-doped DLC films were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition under mild conditions (300 V and 25°C). Uniform and dense morphology of co-doped DLC films were observed, and Ni and B were uniformly incorporated into the carbon-based films. Among all the electrodeposits, the appearance of D and G peaks near 1330 and 1570 cm⁻¹ revealed that the as-deposited films were typical DLC films. As the addition of Ni was increased to 0.05 g, the highest microindentation hardness, the lowest friction coefficient, and wear loss were achieved to be 164.5 HV, 0.3, and 0.6 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m, respectively. The amorphous carbon films fabricated at 0.05 g Ni had the lowest corrosion current density and the most positive corrosion potential, which was mainly due to the small and dense granular structure effectively hindering the penetration of corrosion media.     

Wear and thermal behavior of basalt fiber reinforced rice husk/polyvinyl chloride composites

Plant fiber reinforced polymer composites (PFRPs) in practical application are often subjected to both complex friction and variable temperature environments. The present work explores the possibility of reinforcing rice husk/polyvinyl chloride (RH/PVC) composites with basalt fibers (BF) for developing a new wear resistant material with improved thermal stability. The results showed that the structural strength and wear resistance of the composites increased at first and then decreased with an increasing ratio of BF/RH, the highest value occurred at a BF/RH ratio of 8/42. The thermal stability of composites had a positive relationship with BF/RH ratio. The composites added with BF all possessed improved performance in comparison with unadded composites. Hence, the findings of this article proposed some new perspectives on improving the wear resistance and thermal stability of PFRPs that would broaden their practical application.     

Altered age-hardening behavior in the ultrafine-grained surface layer of Mg-Zn-Y-Ce-Zr alloy processed by sliding friction treatment

To gain insight into the ageing behavior of ultrafine grain(UFG)structure,the precipitation phenom-ena and microstructural evolutions of Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.4Ce-0.5 Zr(wt.％)alloy processed by sliding friction treatment(SFT)were systematically studied using hardness texting,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)equipped with high-angle annular dark-field scanning(HADDF-STEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and XRD line broadening analysis.The microhardness of the SFT-processed(SFTed)sample initially decreases from 109.6 HV to 104.8 HV at ageing for 8 h,and then increases to the peak-ageing point of 115.4 HV at 16 h.Subsequently,it enters the over-aged period.The un-SFTed sample,as the counterpart,follows a regular ageing behavior that increases from 89.9 HV to 99.6 HV when ageing for 12 h,and then drops.A multi-mechanistic model is established to describe the strengthening due to grain refinement,disloca-tion accumulation,precipitation etc.The analysis reveals that the temperature sensitive UFG structure has an obvious grain coarsening effect,which arouses the soft phenomenon in the early ageing stage.But precipitation hardening provides an excellent hardness enhancement for overcoming the negative influ-ence and helping to reach the peak-aged point.In our microstructural observations,a lot of equilibrium ultrafine MgZn2 precipitates precipitate along dislocations because defects can provide the favorable conditions for the migration and segregation of solute atoms.     

不同细颗粒含量甲烷水合物沉积物三轴剪切试验研究

海域试开采区域含水合物沉积物的粒度分析结果表明水合物沉积物骨架由粗、细颗粒混合构成,通过开展多组低温、高压三轴排水剪切试验研究细颗粒含量和密度对含甲烷水合物沉积物和无水合物沉积物的强度和变形特性的影响。试验结果表明,含水合物沉积物抗剪强度及剪胀性都随细粒含量提高而显著增强。这是由于细颗粒含量增加改变了颗粒间水合物的样貌和分布特征,形成了由水合物包裹着粗颗粒-细颗粒的团簇状集合体。然而,细颗粒含量对无水合物沉积物的强度和变形特性的影响却表现出相反趋势。另外,含水合物沉积物的剪胀关系可以使用修正剑桥模型中的剪胀关系式进行描述。结果表明,剪胀关系的拟合曲线依赖于水合物饱和度的大小。通过对比研究发现,天然水合物和实验室合成水合物试样在较高饱和度时的峰值摩擦角大小及其伴随水合物饱和度的增长趋势存在差异,这种差异主要来源于水合物在沉积物骨架颗粒孔隙中不同的赋存模式及分布特征。     

CrN和CrN/Ag涂层的真空高温摩擦磨损性能*

为改善涂层在真空、高温等苛刻条件下的摩擦学性能，利用中频直流磁控溅射技术在硅片和316L不锈钢上沉积了CrN和CrN/Ag涂层，利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的成分及相结构进行了表征，通过划痕测试仪、纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的力学及摩擦学性能。结果表明：添加Ag元素以后，CrN/Ag涂层硬度及承载能力有所减小，但结合强度增加；真空高温环境下CrN与CrN/Ag涂层摩擦因数随温度升高呈下降趋势，其中CrN涂层通过软化镀层减小剪切强度和阻力，从而减小摩擦因数，CrN/Ag涂层主要通过高温产生的热驱动力诱导表面Ag润滑膜的形成来减小摩擦因数；CrN涂层依靠自身剪切特性参与摩擦，而CrN/Ag涂层在真空高温下具有自润滑和持续润滑性能，作为自润滑零部件具有潜在的应用价值。     

往复活塞式压缩机活塞杆温度高故障分析及改造

针对2台2D40型空气压缩机在实际试机过程中,活塞杆温度过高,导致连锁报警,压缩机不能正常工作的问题进行了详细的故障原因分析;对压缩机技术性能参数进行介绍;对压缩机的损伤情况进行说明并找到改造方案,解决机组运行中活塞杆温度过高的问题,从而提高机组的运行效率,使机组运行安全、稳定。     

Gluten–starch interface characteristics and wheat dough rheology—Insights from hybrid artificial systems

Referring to the total surface existing in wheat dough, gluten–starch interfaces are a major component. However, their impact on dough rheology is largely unclear. Common viewpoints, based on starch surface modifications or reconstitution experiments, failed to show unambiguous relations of interface characteristics and dough rheology. Observing hybrid artificial dough systems with defined particle surface functionalization gives a new perspective. Since surface functionalization standardizes particle–polymer interfaces, the impact on rheology becomes clearly transferable and thus, contributes to a better understanding of gluten–starch interfaces. Based on this perspective, the effect of particle/starch surface functionality is discussed in relation to the rheological properties of natural wheat dough and modified gluten–starch systems. A competitive relation of starch and gluten for intermolecular interactions with the network-forming polymer becomes apparent during network development by adsorption phenomena. This gluten–starch adhesiveness delays the beginning of non-linearity under large deformations, thus contributing to a high deformability of dough. Consequently, starch surface functionality affects the mechanical properties, starting from network formation and ending with the thermal fixation of structure.     

Optimal operating conditions to maximize the net power of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: The stack-system interface of a commercial 18 kW module

A new, experimental method based on air flow rate rather than current is presented to optimize operating parameters for the stacks and systems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maximizing their net power. This approach is illustrated for a commercial 18 kW PEMFC module. The impact of contamination pressure drop across the cathode air filter is also investigated on the compressor behavior. It is further shown that a 4V reduction in the compressor voltage reduces its power consumption by 9.1%. Using the 3D graphs of the power-pressure-flow data, it is found that the stack pressure of 180 kPaa is superior to the higher tested pressures as it enhances the net power by 7.0 and 13.7% at different conditions. Application of the present study will lead to the development of PEMFCs with higher power output by optimizing stack pressure, stoichiometry and air flow to properly deliver the system design specifications.     

四旋翼长续航飞行模式的设计与实现

更长的飞行时间是四旋翼无人机领域研究热点方向之一;在对实际飞行中瞬时消耗电流和电池电压数据的研究中发现,过大姿态角下电池电量消耗显著提升;为了延长飞行时间和提升电池电量使用效率,提出一种长续航飞行模式;在该模式下,基于现有的角速度串级PID姿态控制器,将飞行加速度的控制算法改为飞行速度控制,限制过大姿态角的操作;在无风、微风和强风环境下的飞行实验表明,长续航飞行模式比传统飞行方式飞行时间增加8%~20%;长续航飞行模式可广泛应用于多种无需快速变换飞行路径,但需要更长飞行时间的的应用场景中。     

异种铁素体耐热钢接头界面组织及其影响

综述了铁素体与铁素体异种金属焊缝（dissimilar metal welds，DMWs）接头界面组织及其影响。结果表明，在焊后热处理或运行温度下的铁素体钢DMWs接头的不均匀界面组织中，通常会形成脱碳层和增碳层。在铁素体钢DMWs焊接接头界面组织影响因素中，焊缝金属的化学成分有重要影响；焊后热处理规范（温度和时间）、工作温度下运行时间的影响较为突出；焊接工艺参数的影响亦不可忽略。异种钢接头界面处近缝区裂纹的产生，以及接头的蠕变强度随Larson Miller 参数增大而下降等不利影响，均为异种钢界面碳迁移行为所导致。焊缝成分控制法是接头界面组织控制或改善的必要条件，而脱碳层部位转移法能有效防止裂纹发生，亦是接头安全运行的重要工艺措施之一。