Equilibrium beach profiles: erosion and accretion balanced approach

Estimating the magnitude of profile scale factor is currently based on the assumption that beach profiles are in equilibrium condition. However, this assumption cannot be applied to all beach profiles. In this article, a boundary based profile scale factor is proposed that through a normalized coordinate system leads to a unique global profile scale factor. The global profile scale factor helps to determine an initial linear beach profile. The amount of erosion and accretion that causes the initial linear profile to transform to the natural equilibrium beach profile (EBP) can be calculated. Accordingly, the balance between the amount of erosion and accretion will identify a turning point distinguishing the erosion and accretion areas on the profile. This turning point helps to evaluate whether the profile is in equilibrium condition or not. The proposed model was validated through various beach profiles resulting in high degrees of accuracy and reliability.     

Linking Fish Habitat Modelling and Sediment Transport in Running Waters

The assessment of ecological status for running waters is one of the major issues within an integrated river basin management and plays a key role with respect to the implementation of the European Water Frame- work Directive (WFD).One of the tools supporting the development of sustainable river management is physi- cal habitat modeling,e.g.,for fish,because fish population are one of the most important indicators for the e- colngical integrity of rivers.Within physical habitat models hydromorphological parameters are considered.Es- sential for the habitat preference and selection by fish,are:flow velocity,water depth,water temperature and substratum.Because structural properties of the river bottom are inherent for habitat suitability,particularly for spawning habitats,grain size and emboddedness are crucial.This paper presents a case study at the upper part of the river Rhine,where it was possible to develop efficient measures for an ecologically oriented sediment management concept,based on the results of the habitat model CASiMiR.     

冲泻区形态动力学耦合模型研究Ⅱ:模型建立与验证

利用已建立的分段输沙率公式和实验数据,基于一维非线性浅水方程和床面变形方程,考虑两类共6种输沙率公式,增加床面剪切应力和渗流源项,建立适用于冲泻区水沙动力特性的岸滩形态动力学耦合模型。采用典型算例对模型可靠性进行了数值验证,结果表明,耦合模型中采用TVD-WAF格式和分段输沙率公式在计算形态变化时取得了较好的数值精度。进一步模拟了冲泻区内岸滩形态的变化特征,计算得到的水深、岸线轨迹和岸滩剖面变化结果与实验结果吻合较好,并讨论了不同摩阻系数和有无渗流对岸滩形态的影响规律,结果表明冲泻区形态动力学模型不能忽略床面摩阻和渗流的影响,本研究提出的分段输沙率公式适应于冲泻区的泥沙输运研究。     

Great lakes urban pocket-beach dynamics: A GIS-based analysis of infrastructure-design influences on geomorphic development

Chicago’s lakefront beaches experienced inundation and coastal erosion when Lake Michigan’s mean annual water level rose by >1.5 m between 2013 and 2019. Understanding beach geomorphic response to this type of lake-level event is important, as future climate predictions call for a continuation of decadal oscillatory patterns. A GIS-based study of beach change was conducted along the city’s urban lakefront, where sand is embayed by groins, jetties, and revetments. Morphologic changes associated with the most recent decadal lake-level rise were evaluated in context of the surrounding infrastructure. Beach morphometrics, derived from historical aerial images and available LiDAR products, were compared against the characteristics of the fixed urban infrastructure. Overwash volumes associated with an ～1 m-rise in lake level scaled well with beach size (R² = 0.88), suggesting that the creation of new sediment accommodation and its spatial distribution along the urban lakefront during lake-level rise is an important control on beach morphodynamic behavior. Overwash patterns were influenced by embayment orientation and groin characteristics. Counterclockwise beach rotation of up to 21° occurred in places where shorelines were exposed to the open lake. More tightly enclosed beaches retreated more uniformly along strike due to passive inundation of terrain with lake-level rise. Our insights provide managers with useful information on key beach behavioral patterns and how they are influenced by infrastructure design, allowing for the possibility of mitigation strategies to be emplaced in anticipation of future lake-level oscillations.     

Targeting lateral connectivity and morphodynamics in a large river‐floodplain system: The upper Rhine River

As a consequence of historical damming and channelization, most large rivers are disconnected from their floodplains, which therefore endure severe deficits in fluvial dynamics. Regaining some degree of lateral connectivity can lead to improved geomorphological and biological interactions. Yet, it is necessary to take into account limitations posed by current uses and legislation. This study presents a methodological approach to the selection of a realistic restoration target for a heavily modified large river segment, the free‐flowing Upper Rhine River downstream of Iffezheim dam (France–Germany border), based on the analysis of the existing biogeomorphic deficits, constraints set by human uses, and previous restoration experiences. To achieve the selected restoration target, proposed scenarios include embankment removal, bank lowerings, and side channel widenings with the aim of increasing lateral hydrological connectivity and promoting morphodynamics (bank erosion in lateral channels) that allow for the renewal of floodplain habitats. Results from 2‐D hydraulic simulations allow for a sensitivity analysis, comparing the current situation with the proposed scenarios, through parameters such as shore length of side channels actively connected at both ends to the main channel (eupotamon), and shear stress as a proxy for initiation of gravel erosion. Outcomes indicate that the two proposed restoration scenarios would succeed in reconnecting side channels and in increasing areas prone to substrate erosion, while maintaining flood protection and the heaviest navigation use among European rivers. The presented approach aids in the assessment of potential large river restoration scenarios and, thus, in the discussion of water management strategies.     

Optimal dynamics of soft shapes in shallow waters

A sandy sea bottom is seen as a structure with low stiffness which adapts to the motion of water in a shallow domain described by the Saint Venant equations. The coupling is based on the minimization of water wave energy with minimal sand transport. The approach is shown being similar to the use of an original Exner equation for the bottom with non local flux expressions. Also, examples of the applications of the framework to inverse problems in coastal engineering are shown.     

曹妃甸海域围填海工程动力地貌环境遥感分析

利用1993—2011年的4景TM及HJ-1A /1B卫星影像,结合2003年水下地形图,以ArcGIS为工具,进行了渤海湾曹妃甸海域近20年来围填海工程造成的岸线变化监测和水动力环境及冲淤演变影响分析.结果表明,前10年围填海规模不大,岸线推进缓慢,围填海范围在2003年的0 m等深线以内,仅局部地区向海推进约1.3 km;后10年岸线显著向海推进,最近5年的围填海区域已经深入到2003年0 m等深线以下,但基本在2003年5 m等深线以内.目前的围填海方案对水动力影响甚微,离岸沙坝内外有冲有淤,但深槽和水道稳定性良好.针对今后10年的围填海规划方案,需要进一步加强包括遥感手段在内的现场监测研究以及渤海湾内多个围填海工程对曹妃甸海域的累积影响研究.     

条子泥二分水滩脊地貌动力与演变特征研究

通过对条子泥二分水滩脊的现场水文调查、滩面表层沉积物采样、断面高程测量等实测资料的分析整理,并结合近几十年来的遥感卫星图片资料,研究了条子泥二分水滩脊的地貌特征、沉积特征、水动力特征及其历史演变规律.结果表明:(1)二分水滩脊自西向东方向呈斜坡式下降,坡度约为0.64％,平均高程约为0.5m,脊部宽约1km,将条子泥沙洲分隔为南北两大地貌单元;二分水滩脊表层沉积物以砂质粉砂为主,自堤向海方向沉积物逐渐变粗.(2)测量期间落潮平均流速大于涨潮平均流速,流速自表层向下逐渐减小,涨、落潮最大流速均出现在表层;涨潮平均含沙量大于落潮平均含沙量,涨、落潮最大含沙量均出现在底层;涨潮单宽平均输沙量为1.30 kg,落潮为1.07 kg,表明沉积物来源丰富.(3)二分水滩脊位置并不固定,1974年以前二分水滩脊在蒋家沙-铁板沙一线近似呈直线条带状分布,此后逐渐北移,至2000年北移约15 kn至条子泥内缘区中部一竹根沙一线;2000年至今逐渐南移4.5 km.