Visually deficient working conditions and reduced work performance in office workers: Is it mediated by visual discomfort?

IntroductionThe main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether visual discomfort acts as a mediating factor between perceived visual ergonomic working conditions and self-rated visual performance among office workers who carry out administrative tasks and computer-based work at the Swedish Tax Agency.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 94 office workers addressing: 1) perceived visual quality of the visual display units; 2) prevalence of eye symptoms; and 3) self-rated visual performance. Eighty-six persons (54 women (63%), 31 men (36%), and 1 of unspecified sex) answered the questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis investigated the association between visual ergonomic working conditions and visual performance, both with and without visual discomfort as a mediator.ResultsThe group mean of the Indexed survey questions indicated a reasonably good quality of visual ergonomic working conditions, a relative absence of eye symptoms, and acceptable self-rated visual performance. Results from multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between perceived visual ergonomic working conditions and self-rated visual performance (r² = 0.30, β = 0.327, p < 0.01). When visual discomfort was used as a mediator, the association between perceived visual ergonomic working conditions and self-rated visual performance remained the same (r² = 0.32, β = 0.315, p < 0.01).DiscussionIt was remarkable to discover that self-rated visual performance was independent of visual discomfort. Possible explanations include exposure factors not included in the current study, such as dry air and sensory irritation in the eyes, psychosocial stress, time spent performing near work activities, or time exposed to visually deficient working conditions.Relevance to industryThe strong connection between satisfaction with visual ergonomic working conditions and productivity in this study has implications for workplace profitability and staff satisfaction. If productivity is enhanced by better visual ergonomic working conditions, then managers of workplaces may be able to improve work outcomes by optimizing the physical work environment.     

一类Hilfer型分数阶微分方程解的存在和唯一性

用Banach不动点定理和上下解方法研究了α(1<α <2)阶数和β(0≤β ≤1)类型Hilfer分数阶微分方程的解,给出了方程解的存在和唯一性,并通过例证验证了本文所得结果的有效性.     

综放工作面上隅角瓦斯治理技术实践

为解决瓦斯矿井综放面推采过高瓦斯区域时,上隅角瓦斯易超限的问题,结合赵庄二号井2309工作面地质情况,研究实施了工作面采空区瓦斯抽采和上隅角软管抽放的综合治理技术。实践表明:在2309综放工作面回采期间,上隅角瓦斯浓度得到有效控制,平均为0.15%,最高为0.36%,为工作面安全生产提供了有力保障。     

上水口环形吹氩对中间包内渣眼形成的影响

 中间包上水口环形吹氩可以在塞棒周围形成清洗钢液的环形气幕，同时部分氩气泡随钢液进入上水口内，可以减少非金属夹杂物在水口内壁的黏附，起到防止水口堵塞的作用。然而，不合理的吹氩量会导致中间包内液面渣层受过强的气液羽流冲击而形成渣眼，使得钢液裸露并发生二次氧化，严重影响铸坯质量。采用标准 k ε 湍流模型研究中间包内流体流动，采用DPM模型和VOF模型耦合方法，研究上水口环形吹氩条件下渣眼的形成及演化规律。结果表明，上水口环形吹氩在塞棒周围形成较强的上升流，塞棒上部邻近区域存在多个涡流区；在钢液涡流的影响下，中间包液渣下层远离塞棒区域，上层向塞棒区域迁移；随着吹氩量的增大，平均湍动能增大，塞棒附近钢液速度逐渐增大，钢渣界面钢液速度先增大后减小，渣眼边缘钢液速度先增大后减小然后再增大，速度与垂直方向夹角逐渐减小；增大吹氩量，中间包熔池液面形成以塞棒为中心的渣眼，渣眼面积逐渐增大。试验条件下不产生渣眼的临界吹氩量为4.2 L/min，对应的钢渣界面最大速度为0.247 m/s，与垂直方向夹角为70°。     

上保护层开采底板破坏深度和应力分析研究

上保护层开采导致的底板变形、应力释放会使被保护层内高瓦斯沿着上覆岩层内形成的空隙裂隙结构向上运移，很容易造成所采工作面采空区内瓦斯增加，造成工作面瓦斯超限。以峰峰集团以黄沙矿为研究实例，针对其主采的2号煤层利用FLAC^3D模拟软件进行上保护层开采底板应力研究，揭示了上保护层开采底板应力的规律特性，对于保护层开采工作瓦斯治理具有一定的指导意义。     

浅谈煤与瓦斯突出矿井"U"型通风系统采煤工作面上隅角瓦斯管理

屯兰煤矿是煤与瓦斯突出矿井,瓦斯涌出量大,上隅角瓦斯治理困难。为解决这一通风难题,该矿采取沿空留巷抽采措施进行作业。实践证明,该技术解决了上隅角瓦斯积聚隐患,保障了矿井高产高效。     

高瓦斯矿井回采工作面瓦斯综合抽采技术实践

为了解决高瓦斯矿井工作面瓦斯涌出量大、瓦斯浓度高,制约工作面安全生产的问题,以亨元煤业为背景,结合矿井开采及瓦斯地质条件,确定了本煤层顺层钻孔抽采、穿层钻孔抽采邻近层和覆岩裂隙带瓦斯、以及对上隅角布置抽采管路进行抽采的综合治理方法。试验表明,工作面开采期间瓦斯涌出正常,上隅角瓦斯浓度保持在0.56%以下,实现了工作面安全高效开采。     

特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯抽采技术研究

为解决蒋家河煤矿采空区瓦斯涌出量大、上隅角瓦斯超限和回风平巷风排瓦斯量大等问题,提出了本煤层预抽、专用瓦斯抽放巷抽采和上隅角埋管抽采瓦斯相结合的方法对该矿ZF202综放工作面进行瓦斯治理,进行了现场实测和瓦斯抽采效果分析。结果表明,本煤层预抽后,瓦斯含量由7.92 m^3/t下降为4.21 m^3/t,瓦斯压力由0.72 MPa下降为0.38 MPa;上隅角瓦斯浓度由0.78%下降至0.4%左右。通过对比,专用瓦斯抽放巷的抽采纯量是高位钻孔的2.5倍,抽采效果好于高位钻孔,使工作面和上隅角瓦斯浓度保持较低水平,有效地解决了特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯超限问题,为安全生产提供了重要保障。     

基于滑模的运载器主动段俯仰通道姿控系统设计

与传统比例-积分-微分（PID）控制方法相比，滑模控制（SMC）方法可以比较容易地将不确定性纳入控制器设计中，从而增强系统的鲁棒性。探索了SMC技术在运载器主动段姿态控制中的工程应用，首先通过分析基于趋近律的SMC系统，提出了降低不连续切换项系数的需求，然后研究了基于干扰上界的SMC方法。三通道小偏差仿真结果验证了两种方法的控制效果，表明第2种控制器的鲁棒性更好，稳态误差小，同时发动机喷管摆角需求较小。