翅片结构对单向开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力性能的影响

通过对不同开缝数量、不同相对开缝高度的单向开缝翅片管换热器进行模拟,分析开缝数量、相对开缝高度对单向开缝翅片管换热器传热与阻力性能的影响规律。结果表明:在开缝数量为3～7片时,翅片侧Nu和f因子随着开缝数量的增加而增大,但Nu增幅逐渐减小;将开缝的数量取为5片能得到最好的综合性能;在相对开缝高度为0.3～0.7时,翅片侧Nu和f因子随着相对开缝高度的增加而增大,但当相对开缝高度在0.5～0.7范围内,翅片侧Nu的增幅减小;将相对开缝高度取为0.5能得到最好的综合性能。     

European urban culture,Javier de Mesones-Cabello’s planning practice and its legacy in city of Valladolid

Javier de Mesones-Cabello was an influential and active planner of the 1960s and 1970s in Spain, who passed away in December, 2016. His professional career as a self-taught urban planner was extensively linked to his academic and institutional activities. These connections supported the establishment of relationships with prestigious professionals working in urban planning practice. In planning the 1969 masterplan for the city of Valladolid, in Spain, de Mesones-Cabello made several intellectual references to the Greek urban planner Doxiadis. This masterplan covers a relatively unknown example of directional city growth in a European context. My findings elucidate the extent to which de Mesones-Cabello was influenced by Doxiadis, and the circumstances in which these ideas have continued to dominate thinking about Valladolid's urban development.     

The Tunable Porous Structure of Gelatin–Bioglass Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Physicochemical,Mechanical, and In Vitro Properties

Unidirectional freeze‐casting method is used to fabricate gelatin–bioglass nanoparticles (BGNPs) scaffolds. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that sol–gel prepared BGNPs are distributed throughout the scaffold with diameters of less than 10 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric are used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of BGNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs present an oriented porous structure and a homogeneous distribution of BGNPs in the gelatin matrix. The lamellar‐type structure indicates an improvement of mechanical strength and absorption capacity of the scaffolds. Increasing the concentration of BGNPs from 0 to 50 wt% have no noticeable effect on pore orientation, but decreases porosity and pore size distribution. Increase in BGNPs content improves the compressive strength. The absorption and biodegradation rate reduces with augmentation in BGNPs concentration. Bioactivity is evaluated through apatite formation after immersion of the nanocomposites in simulated body fluid and is verified by SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), an element map analysis, X‐ray powder diffractometer, and FTIR spectrum. SEM images and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and the supportive behavior of nanocomposites in cellular spreading. The results show that gelatin–(30 wt%)bioglass nanocomposites have incipient physicochemical and biological properties.     

复合材料单向板的拉伸失效

由于复合材料断裂特征的复杂性,尚未给出所受载荷与断裂特征之间的关系,通常认为失效模式与层板的基体、纤维类型及试验温度有关。本研究通过拉伸试验、断口观察等方法研究了碳纤维与玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料单向板在-55、23及70℃的0°拉伸失效行为,分析了单向板0°拉伸的断裂特征、失效模式及其影响因素。结果表明:复合材料单向板的0°拉伸主要有2种失效模式,纤维基体断裂和界面失效;由于2种失效模式所占的比例不同,形成多种断口形态;失效模式、断裂特征与复合材料的拉伸强度关系不大,主要与界面的结合强度有关;试验温度、纤维、基体等对其断裂特征与失效模式的影响也主要是界面强度变化所致。     

风电叶片用单向复合材料厚度变化研究与分析

风电叶片主梁帽通常采用单向经编织物,通过真空导入成型复合材料。由于真空导入工艺的特点以及织物参数的影响,都会对叶片设计带来一定的困难。选用国内外四种常用单行玻纤织物,研究了复合材料成型工艺和织物参数对复合材料厚度的影响。研究发现单向复合材料厚度与层数存在线性关系,而工艺参数对厚度影响不明显,织物参数对复合材料厚度有明显的影响。研究将为风电叶片设计提供一定支持,并为玻纤企业生产工艺参数调整提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

Damage and permeability in tape-laid thermoplastic composite cryogenic tanks

This work presents a combined experimental and numerical approach to the design and analysis of tape-laid thermoplastic composite cryogenic tanks. A detailed material and defect characterisation of automated tape-laid CF/PEEK is undertaken using optical micrography and 3D X-ray CT (computed tomography) as well as cryogenic testing to investigate damage formation. Resulting material data is used as input for a novel XFEM (extended finite element method)–cohesive zone methodology which is used to predict intra- and inter-ply damage in an internally pressurised cryogenic tank. An optimised tank lay-up is presented and analysed using the numerical method to ensure resistance to microcrack formation and fuel leakage through the tank walls under operating loads.     

The sound absorption performance of the highly porous silica ceramics prepared using freeze casting method

Highly porous silica ceramics with unidirectional pores were prepared using the freeze casting method. By adjusting the solid content and freezing temperature, the porosity of the ceramics was tailored in the range of 78.20%-84.59% and pore size in the range of 8.4-71.4 μm, respectively. Sound absorption properties of porous silica ceramics was studied and the effect of structural factors was systematically investigated. The results showed that higher porosity and smaller pores of the porous ceramics favored the sound absorption in the entire sound wave frequency. By backing the sample with small pore size porous ceramics, the sound absorption property was enhanced, particularly in the low and medium frequency range, thus the sound absorption peak shifted towards lower frequency. The presence of air gap in the back would also favor sound absorption in low and medium frequency range. The as-fabricated porous silica ceramics owed excellent sound absorption properties due to their unidirectional pores and low flow resistances.     

矿井水库煤柱坝体力学性能分析

为研究矿井采空区地下水库煤柱坝体在井下作业环境中的力学性能变化以及变形情况,以李家壕煤矿为研究背景,采用实验室相似模拟和FLAC3D数值模拟的方法,首先,将取自李家壕煤矿3-1煤层的煤样按照ISRM加工成标准试样,试样按照一定时间周期浸水处理,对其进行力学性能分析实验;随后,采用数值模拟技术模拟煤柱坝体的实际作业环境,分析煤柱坝体力学性能和变形情况。研究得出:水对煤样有软化作用,随着浸水时间的增加煤样单向抗压强度、单向抗拉强度均有所下降,但并未出现规律性递减趋势;在软化作用和上覆岩层的压力的共同作用下,煤柱浸水面容易发生水平变形,变形随着时间的增长逐渐增大,靠近底板处的变形量最大,从而现场煤柱更容易遭到破坏。     

Formation of twinned dendrites during unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn alloy

The present study focused on the formation and crystallographic orientation of twinned dendrites coexisting with equiaxed grains in unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn (mass fraction) alloy. The morphology was investigated by optical metallograph and electron back-scattered diffraction technique. Results showed that the macrostructure of the alloy exhibited a typical feathery and fan-like structure while the microstructures were elongated lamellas, which were separated by coherent and incoherent twin boundaries. Both the primary trunk and all lateral arms of twinned dendrites grew along 〈110〉 directions, unlike regular 〈100〉 α(Al) dendrites. The facet growth of crystals at solid/liquid interface was responsible for the origin of twinned dendrites during the weak local convection, and high thermal gradient and medium solidification velocity had significant contribution to the formation of twinned dendrites. The formation mechanism of twinned dendrites which consisted of three multiplication ways of new twin boundaries formation and one way of dendrite evolution in twin plane was shown schematically.     

Creep and tensile properties of press molding joined GMT-sheets

GMT-sheet is used in automobile bumper with high rigidity and strength, and its joining strength is influenced by lap length, one of the joined molding conditions. Fracture strength was calculated by dividing fracture load with cross-sectional area. Total five repeated measurements were made to obtain the average value. Tensile test was conducted at room temperature for 10 specimens. In addition, the effect of compression ratio on creep and tensile performance during lap joined molding was discussed. With increasing lap length, the lap joining efficiency of GMT-sheet was increased. However, higher compression ratio reduced the joining efficiency. Creep test on GMT-sheet showed abrupt fracture without tertiary creep. This can be explained by the weak thermal resistance of the resin. If GMT-sheet was exposed to high temperature for a long time, it was easily failed by external force.