葫芦容器生态包装设计探析

目的 研究葫芦容器作为生态材料在包装设计中的运用.方法 从葫芦容器的渊源和表现形式两个方面探究,明晰了葫芦作为容器就具备存放盛装、便利实用的包装功能.分析和探讨葫芦作为包装容器的优势,体现在葫芦材质、葫芦造型、葫芦工艺方面,归纳总结出葫芦是现成的生态包装容器,材质安全无害易降解,自然培育无环境破坏压力,符合绿色环保要求.结论 结合实践设计提出葫芦容器的生态化、形态化、功能性的设计延伸再利用,以及葫芦容器的产业化生产的可行性探讨,以期使葫芦容器得到传承与推广.     

我国中空吹塑行业发展现状及“十四五”期间重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向

从原料、中空成型机和吹塑工艺等方面介绍了我国中空吹塑行业发展现状，并对电子化学品专用超洁净桶、高压储氢四型瓶、全电动中空成型机、微发泡中空成型技术和挤吹聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）容器等在“十四五”期间的重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向进行了展望。     

Container-based cluster orchestration systems: A taxonomy and future directions

Containers, enabling lightweight environment and performance isolation, fast and flexible deployment, and fine-grained resource sharing, have gained popularity in better application management and deployment in addition to hardware virtualization. They are being widely used by organizations to deploy their increasingly diverse workloads derived from modern-day applications such as web services, big data, and internet of things in either proprietary clusters or private and public cloud data centers. This has led to the emergence of container orchestration platforms, which are designed to manage the deployment of containerized applications in large-scale clusters. These systems are capable of running hundreds of thousands of jobs across thousands of machines. To do so efficiently, they must address several important challenges including scalability, fault tolerance and availability, efficient resource utilization, and request throughput maximization among others. This paper studies these management systems and proposes a taxonomy that identifies different mechanisms that can be used to meet the aforementioned challenges. The proposed classification is then applied to various state-of-the-art systems leading to the identification of open research challenges and gaps in the literature intended as future directions for researchers.     

全自动集装箱码头装卸系统质量管理

全自动集装箱码头装卸系统集成了当今世界各项先进技术,在研发、制造、调试过程中,都要坚持质量第一、安全第一的原则,确保各项技术参数可靠,设备运行稳定。在总结国内几个全自动码头装卸系统的质量管理方法与经验的基础上,结合自动化码头自身特点,给出全自动集装箱码头装卸系统主要质量管理方法,进一步丰富发展自动化码头装卸系统建造过程中的“不欠债离岸”质量管理理念。     

TRIZ理论在集装箱吊具旋锁机构中的设计应用

利用TRIZ理论,采用因果分析现有结构中缺陷与不足产生的原因。在分析了整个集装箱吊具旋锁机构的系统组件模型后,利用因果分析寻找产生的原因。针对不同的问题采用不同的TRIZ解题工具分别运用技术矛盾、物质—场分析、进化分析对旋锁机构进行创新方案的设计。     

基于液压活塞式惯容器的车辆悬架性能研究

阐述了液压活塞式惯容器的基本结构、工作原理与承载力大的特点，建立了考虑摩擦力、寄生阻尼力和油液弹性效应的惯容器非线性力学模型。在数控液压伺服激振台上对液压活塞式惯容器进行了力学性能试验，基于试验结果，利用Matlab参数辨识工具箱对非线性力学模型中的参数进行辨识。在此基础上建立了包含液压活塞式惯容器非线性因素的车辆惯容器 弹簧 阻尼器（inerter-spring-damper，简称ISD）悬架动力学模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明，当考虑液压活塞式惯容器非线性因素时，车辆ISD悬架系统的车身加速度均方根值增加5%，而轮胎动载荷与悬架动行程均方根值均有所减小,降低了车辆的行驶平顺性。     

硅酸盐夹杂在集装箱底侧梁脆性开裂过程中的作用

某集装箱底侧梁在正常使用过程中发生开裂,事故发生时箱内载重未超过箱体允许的承重极限。通过对开裂的底侧梁进行化学成分光谱分析、拉伸及冲击性能测试、梁正常部位及断口毗邻区域金相检验、断口分析以及夹杂物综合分析等,分析了底侧梁开裂的原因,研究并解释了夹杂物在开裂过程中所起的作用。检验及分析结果表明,底侧梁钢板强韧性低下,且表面脱碳,存在表面强度进一步低于基体的现象,在服役过程中导致裂纹易于在表面萌生。酸溶铝(Als)含量极低,这也导致钢板存在较高的韧脆转变温度,服役过程中存在较大的安全隐患。同时钢板内存在大量大尺寸的MnO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系和CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系硅酸盐塑性夹杂,该夹杂在热加工过程中被严重拉长,分布于晶界和晶内,严重破坏了钢材基体连续性,导致其强韧性低下并促进了裂纹的扩展。服役过程中底侧梁R角处作为应力集中部位首先发生开裂,进而裂纹以沿晶+穿晶解理的方式快速扩展,最终脆性开裂。     

一种灰度化混合法在集装箱箱号识别中的运用

研究一种基于机器视觉的集装箱箱号识别方法。对于集装箱彩色图像预处理过程中的灰度化方法，传统的灰度化算法不能有效弥补图像中污损或其他信息缺失的部分，因此，本文提出使用主成分分析法（PCA）结合贝叶斯阈值估计灰度变化率的混合法对图像的灰度化进行优化，可以在判断图像中某一点灰度值与周围相邻像素点的灰度值的变化率后，弥补缺失信息，有效确定边缘特征，从而使后续的字符识别准确率大大提高。最后使用该算法模型设计实现一套用于港口集装箱的智能检测系统。经过Matlab实验验证，在对50幅港口集装箱箱号图像的识别中，通过使用本文提出的混合灰度化方法，与普通的均值法和加权平均法的灰度化方法相比，准确率更高，其中单一字符准确率可达96%，箱号准确率可达92%。     

Liner services network design and fleet deployment with empty container repositioning

Transportation demand of shipping container fluctuates due to the seasonality of international trade, thus, every 3–6 months, the liner company has to alter its current liner shipping service network, redeploy ships and design cargo routes with the objective of minimizing the total cost. To solve the problem, the paper presents a mixed integer linear program model. The proposed model incorporates several relevant constraints, such as weekly frequency, the transshipment of cargo between two or more service routes, and transport time. Extensive numerical experiments based on realistic date of Asia–Europe–Oceania shipping operations show that the proposed model can solve real-case problems efficiently by CPLEX. The results demonstrate that the model can reduce ship’s capacity consumption and raise ships’ capacity utilization.     

Experimental investigation on the dynamic responses of vented hydrogen explosion in a 40-foot container

To investigate the structural dynamics of a container subjected to a vented hydrogen explosion, 48 field tests were conducted in a 40-foot container with roof vents and an end vent. The effects of the hydrogen concentration, ignition position, and obstacles on the evolution of the dynamic responses were investigated. Three stages were generally observed for displacements: (1) At the stage of the vent rupture, the displacement could be approximated as a quasi-static response, and there was a linear relationship between the peaks of positive overpressure and displacement. (2) Structural deformation appeared as reciprocating vibration at the stage of Helmholtz oscillation. (3) The structure exhibited relatively weak irregular fluctuation when high-frequency acoustic oscillation occurred. Two types of the structural acceleration with low and high amplitudes resulting from Helmholtz oscillation and acoustic oscillation, respectively, were clearly observed. For the end-vented explosion, multiple peaks were observed for the displacement at the quasi-static stage due to the rupture, discharge, and external explosion. Moreover, the displacement was sensitive to hydrogen concentration, whereas the number of obstacles and the ignition position had significant influences on the peak acceleration for roof venting. This work conducted the fundamental explanation for the evolution law of structural responses induced by vented hydrogen explosions from the perspective of structural dynamics and enriched the experimental accumulation in a large-scale container with congestion in this field.