药物相互作用研究在新药研发和审评决策中的应用

药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系，可能会降低疗效或增加毒性，是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义，体内和体外研究的主要内容；梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局（National Medical Products Administration, NMPA）和美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况，旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。     

Lignin solvated in zwitterionic Good's buffers displays antibacterial synergy against Staphylococcus aureus

The volume of industrial lignin is expected to increase with the deployment of biorefineries that convert lignocellulosic biomass to renewable chemicals and fuels. Interest in using lignin for value-added biomedical applications requires understanding of its effects on mammalian and microbial cells, which has been impaired by the toxicity of the solvents used to solubilize lignin. In this study, lignin is solvated in zwitterionic Good's buffers compatible with culture media. Up to 100 mg lignin can be solvated in 1 ml of 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS, pH 7.2) within 60 min at room temperature, whereby MOPS acts as a chaotropic agent. The addition of MOPS-solvated lignin to cultures of Staphylococcus aureus UAMS-1 containing a subinhibitory concentration of tunicamycin reduced growth more than 99% compared to tunicamycin alone, making lignin of interest as an antibiotic adjuvant. This effect of lignin is attributed to damage to the bacterial cell membrane.     

面向消费类电子产品的自动化生产线成组技术

针对现代消费类电子产品快速更新换代的现状, 介绍了该类产品的自动化生产线成组技术,阐述了通过度量消费类电子产品相似性和派生性特征,对产线进行成组编码的原理,研究产线工位单元的建模方法,描述了建模内容,并通过有无装载板的产线结构,论述了产线成组编码集成的途径和方法.     

Formation of Oxamic Acid During Drinking Water Treatment

Although oxamic acid has been identified as an ozone oxidation product from several precursor compounds, concentrations for drinking water have not been published previously. This study shows results from a full-scale drinking water treatment plant, noting that the mean concentrations for oxamic acid reached 21.3 μg/L after ozonation and prior to filtration. Subsequent multiple-layer filtration removed 85% of oxamic acid on average, and mean concentrations in drinking water were 2 μg/L. Up to 5.9% of the oxamic acid found in ozone-treated groundwater may be formed from Chloridazon metabolites.     

对矿产品国际贸易定价权本质的探讨

在矿产品的国际贸易中,国际垄断集团每年从中国可以获得成百上千亿美元的垄断利润。中国无论是作为矿产品的最大消费国还是最大供给国,都没有矿产品的定价权,价格都由国际垄断集团所控制。国际垄断集团控制矿产品价格的手段很多,但最主要的方法是通过控制全球低成本的矿产资源开发量来控制价格。西方发达国家的政府是为垄断资本服务的,幕后的决策者是垄断资本和金融寡头;在中国,起支撑和主导作用的国有企业资产是由政府监管的。但由于我国仍处于社会主义初级阶段,中国特色社会主义市场经济体制下的市场竞争比较充分,而要以我国市场中各分散的企业与国际垄断集团竞争,获取矿产品定价权是非常困难的。我们只有组织起来,团结一致,创新机制,做到知己知彼,以正确的战略思想做指导,灵活运用各种策略,才有希望摆脱被控制的局面。     

含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品质量安全风险研究

研究市售的含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品质量状况并对其安全性进行初步评价。参考标准要求并结合可能存在的质量安全隐患,从傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)材质分析、总迁移量、重金属(以Pb计)、脱色试验、五氯苯酚特定迁移量及砷、镉、铬、铅含量等维度对含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品进行研究。35批次样品中有2批次塑料主体材质为密胺,2批次塑料主体材质为聚乳酸,31批次塑料主体材质均为聚丙烯;35批次样品的重金属(以Pb计)、脱色试验、五氯苯酚特定迁移量等项目均符合所参照标准的要求;35批次样品均检出至少含2种重金属,有4批次一次性淀粉餐具总迁移量超标。从检验结果可知,市面上销售的含有植物纤维或玉米淀粉的食品接触产品存在总迁移量超标及样品含重金属的情况,说明市场上该类产品确实存在一定的潜在风险。     

模拟非α低中放废液水合陶瓷固化体的水化产物和力学性能

以模拟非α低中放废液为固化处理对象,用水热法合成了非α低中放废液中和处理后沉淀的＂碱-矿渣-粉煤灰-偏高岭土＂水合陶瓷固化体。采用X射线衍射仪分析了固化体的水化产物,确定了水化产物的组成,并测试了固化体的抗压强度。研究结果表明：温度为150～180℃、废液沉淀与固化原材料的质量比值（即盐灰比）为0.10～0.30时,固化体水化产物的主要物相为方沸石,随着温度升高和反应时间延长,水化产物中方沸石的衍射峰不断增加。固化体抗压强度测试结果表明,该固化体具有较高的抗压强度,但盐灰比由0.10增加至0.30时,固化体抗压强度由26.33 MPa下降到8.46 MPa。     

辣椒及其制品中罗丹明B的超高效液相色谱荧光检测

建立用超高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定辣椒及其制品中罗丹明B残留量的方法。样品中残留的罗丹明B用甲醇/水溶液提取,高速离心后,用超高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定,外标峰面积法定量。罗丹明B在5～500μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,3个水平（5.0、20.0、60.0μg/kg）添加罗丹明B的回收率为80.0%～119.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.08%～2.64%,检出限为5μg/kg。此方法具有简单、快速、准确等优点,适用于辣椒及其制品中残留罗丹明B的检测。     

一个基于Web的产品定制与仿真系统研究

Web技术的飞速发展使得基于Web的产品定制成为现实,结合了Web技术、产品定制和仿真技术的基于Web的产品定制与仿真系统,在为Web客户提供产品定制的同时可以进行定制产品的性能仿真,及时为客户提供产品性能信息,缩短了产品定制周期,提高了产品定制的效率和客户满意度。通过分析基于Web的产品定制与仿真系统的技术背景与现实需求,提出基于Web的定制系统的功能结构,探讨客户驱动的模块化产品配置技术,并研究基于Web的Matlab与Adams协同仿真实现技术,最终结合振动压路机产品的定制与仿真进行了初步的原型实现。     

Imazalil Degradation upon Applying Ozone—Transformation Products,Kinetics, and Toxicity of Treated Aqueous Solutions

The elimination of the pesticide imazalil (IMZ) spiked into ultrapure water as well as into wastewater applying ozone (O₃) and the identification of transformation products was investigated. O₃ under hydroxyl radical suppression conditions reacted rapidly with the aliphatic double bond or the imidazole ring in IMZ, yielding several transformation products by partial oxidation. The structures of four oxidation products not yet described were characterized and identified after liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution, high mass accuracy, mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS and -MSⁿ) in ultrapure water. For two identified transformation products, generated via direct ozone attack on IMZ, formation pathways were proposed. In wastewater, only two of those transformation products were observed. Kinetics studies for the reaction of IMZ with O₃, evaluated by the competition kinetic method, resulted in a second-order rate constant k_O3,IMZ ～ (1.02 ± 0.03)?×?10⁵ M^?1 s^?1 at pH 6.6 ± 0.2, indicating that IMZ is completely transformed during the ozonation process. Tests of acute toxicity were performed applying a solution of IMZ in ultrapure water or treated wastewater to Daphnia magna. In both cases the decrease of toxicity was observed after ozone treatment.