Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

Novel process for synthesizing fused mullite from titanium-rich medium/low grade or waste bauxite

This paper introduces a novel process to efficiently utilize medium-/low-grade or waste bauxite. The medium-/low-grade or waste bauxite is usually rich in iron oxide (total iron oxide content≥8%) or titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide content≥5%). In addition, both iron oxide and titanium dioxide have higher contents than typical bauxite (total iron oxide + titanium dioxide contents≥20%). It is difficult to obtain mullite with excellent properties using the process of beneficiation and sintering synthesis. Based on different reduction temperatures of K₂O, Na₂O, FeO_x, SiO₂ and TiO₂, the reduction of K₂O, Na₂O and FeO_x was set as the reduction end point. While SiO₂ start to be reduced, TiO₂ was unstable under high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure. The reason for the final formation of Ti₂O₃ in the TiO₂→TiO_2-x transformation process was analysed, and the morphology of the multiphase material obtained from the Ti₂O₃–3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ solid solution was characterized. The reaction model was established.     

Reaction behavior of quartz in gibbsite-boehmite bauxite in Bayer digestion and its effect on caustic consumption and alumina recovery

A high content of quartz is usually present in Australian gibbsite-boehmite bauxite. The reaction between quartz and sodium aluminate solution at high temperatures in the Bayer process can lead to loss of alumina and sodium oxide. Therefore, to improve alumina recovery, the reaction of quartz needs to be avoided. The digestion behavior of Australian gibbsite-boehmite bauxite and pure quartz in the Bayer process at 230–250 °C was systematically studied in this paper. The mineral composition and morphology of the reaction products were characterized and the kinetics of the quartz dissolution process was studied in detail. It was shown that boehmite in gibbsite-boehmite bauxite can be completely digested at high temperature (250 °C) with a short digestion time (5 min). A short digestion time results in a low reaction rate of quartz in bauxite, and is ideal for alumina recovery at high temperatures. The quartz reaction rate rapidly increases with longer digestion times. The apparent activation energy of the dissolution of quartz in bauxite in the caustic solution is 151.9 kJ mol^?1, and the rate-controlling step of this reaction process is the interfacial chemical reaction. By controlling the particle size of bauxite, the digestion temperature, and the digestion time, the reaction rate of quartz in bauxite can be inhibited, which is beneficial for improving alumina recovery and reducing caustic consumption. Therefore, based on the above theoretical research, a process for digesting gibbsite-boehmite bauxite is proposed using high digestion temperature (250 °C), short digestion time (5 min) and large mineral size. An economic benefit of about US$101.9 million for a refinery with the annual output of 2 million tons of alumina can be created by the proposed process.     

Migration and distribution of saline ions in bauxite residue during water leaching

Bauxite residue, a highly saline solid waste produced from digestion of bauxite for alumina production, is hazardous to the environment and restricts vegetation establishment in bauxite residue disposal areas. A novel water leaching process proposed here was used to investigate the dynamic migration and vertical distribution of saline ions in bauxite residue. The results show that water leaching significantly reduced the salinity of bauxite residue, leaching both saline cations Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and anions CO^2?₃, SO^2?₄, HCO^?₃. Na⁺ and K⁺ migrated from 40–50 to 20–30 cm of the column, presenting a high migration capacity. The migration capacity of Ca²⁺ was lower and accumulated at 30–40 cm of the column. CO^2?₃ initially distributed at 20–30 cm of the column, subsequently transported to 30–40 cm of the column, and finally returned to 20–30 cm of the column along with evaporation. SO^2?₄ was originally distributed at 40–50 cm, but finally migrated to 20–30 cm of the column. Nevertheless, HCO^?₃ remained at the bottom of the column, and its migratory was less affected by evaporation.     

贵州某高硫铝土矿浮选脱硫试验研究

对贵州某高硫铝土矿进行了浮选脱硫试验研究。结果表明, 在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占82.64%, 碳酸钠用量1 800 g/t、硫酸铜用量150 g/t、丁黄药总用量600 g/t、2^#油总用量240 g/t条件下, 经一粗两精两扫闭路反浮选, 获得了硫含量0.26%的铝土矿精矿, 脱硫率达到85.86%。试验结果可为该类铝土矿资源的综合开发利用提供借鉴。     

广西德保铝土矿矿石加工技术性能研究

广西德保铝土矿属于岩溶堆积型矿床。马隘矿段的矿石含泥量比较高,通过对洗矿尾矿的测定,证明其可洗性能较好,并绘制了洗矿尾矿沉降速度曲线图。根据高压拜耳法溶出试验结果,分析了矿石溶出率的影响因素,认为洗矿工艺能提高矿石的溶出率,可满足矿山工业生产要求。     

沉积型铝土矿高效回采工艺

基于孝义铝矿沉积型矿体特点及赋存条件,通过不同采矿工艺的对比,分析了液压反铲回采铝土矿的功效,证实了液压反铲对沉积型铝土矿回采具有高回收率、低贫化率等优点.该工艺对于缓倾斜薄矿体铝土矿、铁矿露天开采具有重要意义.     

桂西堆积型铝土矿中三水铝石矿综合利用前景

简述了桂西堆积型硬水铝石三水铝石铝土矿矿床地质特征及三水铝石赋存状态,对堆积型铝土矿基质中的三水铝石进行了定量分析和溶出试验,结果表明:32.9%的样品达到边界品位;其最低溶出率达到95.5%。该三水铝石矿具有溶出性能好、冶炼成本低,经济价值高等优点。桂西是我国最重要的三水铝石资源产地,具有良好的综合利用前景。     

高硫高铝矿拜耳溶液除硫剂——铝酸钡的合成

研究用氢氧化铝和高铝矿分别与碳酸钡合成铝酸钠溶液的高效除硫剂——铝酸钡的过程及最佳合成条件。结果表明，用氢氧化铝和高铝矿的最佳合成条件分别为温度1250℃，时间80min，分子比为1．1和温度1200℃，时间80min，分子比1．1，合成率分别达到99．8％和99．5％。二种原料合成的铝酸钡都能符合铝酸钠溶液除硫的要求，但用高铝矿的合成成本要低许多。     

露天铝土矿边坡稳定性预测研究及其控制技术

以孝义铝矿克俄矿区、西河底矿区采场及排土场为例,在调查分析采场及排土场边坡介质力学性质及稳定性影响因素的基础上,建立了边坡稳定性的灰色预测模型,确定了采场及排土场边坡破坏模式,提出了控制边坡稳定的战略和战术防治技术措施。