Virus-Based Nanoreactors with GALT Activity for Classic Galactosemia Therapy

Enzymatic nanoreactors were obtained by galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl-transferase (GALT) encapsulation into plant virus capsids by a molecular self-assembly strategy. The aim of this work was to produce virus-like nanoparticles containing GALT for an enzyme-replacement therapy for classic galactosemia. The encapsulation efficiency and the catalytic constants of bio-nanoreactors were determined by using different GALT and virus coat protein ratios. The substrate affinity of nanoreactors was slightly lower than that of the free enzyme; the activity rate was 16 % of the GALT free enzyme. The enzymatic nanoreactors without functionalization were internalized into different cell lines including fibroblast and kidney cells, but especially into hepatocytes. The enzymatic nanoreactors are an innovative enzyme preparation with potential use for the treatment of classic galactosemia.     

基于动态滑模的无死锁时间管理算法

基于新一代仿真体系结构HLA的IEEE1516新标准中的最大有效逻辑时间关键值,讨论最大有效逻辑时间在HLA时间管理中的重要意义,分析其在常规时间推进算法中的实现及死锁的产生,研究并证明HLA时间推进中的4个产生死锁的充分条件,即互斥条件、请求保持条件、不剥夺条件和环路等待条件,提出动态滑模的概念,设计了基于动态滑模的无死锁时间管理算法,对Lookahead的合理设置进行了分析。     

Beneficial health characteristics of native and hydrolysed konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan

The impact of ingesting glucomannans on health is not limited to colonic‐focused fermentation into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which might have some local health benefits; it also helps in treating disease states and enhancing the body's immune system, both within the gut and in/on other parts of the body. The local and systemic roles of hydrolysed glucomannans, especially konjac glucomannans, in the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin and vagina, are highlighted. Therapeutic applications are discussed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

B Cells and Microbiota in Autoimmunity

Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the mucosal membranes maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host’s immune system. B cells are key players in this relationship because activated and differentiated B cells produce secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which binds commensals to preserve a healthy microbial ecosystem. Mounting evidence shows that changes in the function and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with several autoimmune diseases suggesting that an imbalanced or dysbiotic microbiota contributes to autoimmune inflammation. Bacteria within the gut mucosa may modulate autoimmune inflammation through different mechanisms from commensals ability to induce B-cell clones that cross-react with host antigens or through regulation of B-cell subsets’ capacity to produce cytokines. Commensal signals in the gut instigate the differentiation of IL-10 producing B cells and IL-10 producing IgA+ plasma cells that recirculate and exert regulatory functions. While the origin of the dysbiosis in autoimmunity is unclear, compelling evidence shows that specific species have a remarkable influence in shaping the inflammatory immune response. Further insight is necessary to dissect the complex interaction between microorganisms, genes, and the immune system. In this review, we will discuss the bidirectional interaction between commensals and B-cell responses in the context of autoimmune inflammation.     

HLA中时间管理算法死锁的规律性

Frederick算法在通常情况下能够比较好地工作,并且完全符合HLA时间管理的原则。但在特殊情况下,该算法会造成死锁。研究表明,死锁是有规律的。文章分析了文献[5]中对Frederick算法死锁规律的描述,指出了其中存在的问题,并一一加以修正。最后给出了新的死锁规律。     

Lookahead为零时的仿真

lookahead是HLA时间管理服务中的重要概念。looka-head值是在仿真执行过程中由用户自己设置的。Lookahead的值为零是一种特殊情况,它在实际仿真系统中会经常出现,IEEE标准专门为此做了规定。如果多个联邦成员都有lookahead为零,可能会造成逻辑时间推进的死锁状态。讨论了引入lookahead的意义,并分析了lookahead为零时死锁的规律性,了解了这些规律后,就能有效地避免死锁,从而使仿真过程更加顺利地进行。     

HLA时间管理中lookahead的设置与调整

HLA时间管理中lookahead值是在仿真执行过程中由用户自己设置的.在实际仿真系统中,寻找合适的lookahead值是比较困难的,为了进一步提高仿真运行的效率和改善仿真运行的效果,本文对lookahead的调整与设置问题进行了研究.引入lookahead的初衷是避免死锁,但looka-head为零仍会造成死锁.本文研究了lookahead为零时死锁的规律,了解这些规律后,就能有效地避免死锁,从而使仿真过程更加顺利地进行.     

一种无死锁的时间管理算法

高层体系结构HLA(high level architecture)是美国国防部提出的建模和仿真的标准,时间管理服务是其重要的组成部分,而GALT(greatest available logical time)的计算是RTI(runtime infrastructure)时间管理服务实现的核心技术.GALT算法容易导致死锁,继而导致整个仿真无法推进.在Frederick Kuhl算法的基础上探讨了死锁产生时系统所特有的一些规律,得出了一些重要结论:如果系统处于死锁状态,则所有盟员的GALT和输出时间一定分别相等,并且GALT一定等于输出时间;所有Lookahead大于0的盟员一定处于NMR/NMRA推进状态而不会处于其他推进状态(TAR/TARA/FQR).最后提出了基于"身高测量法"的无死锁的GALT算法,"身高测量法"为RTI中时间管理模块的实现提供了可靠保证.     

高层体系结构中时间管理算法研究及改进

不恰当的最大安全推进时间(GALT)计算方法会影响系统整体运行,严重情况下可能导致系统死锁,使整个系统仿真无法向前推进。为此,分析经典时间推进Frederick算法中可能出现死锁的情况,给出死锁出现的原因,并对死锁产生的原因进行论证,在此基础上,设计一种基于该算法的改进无死锁时间管理GALT计算算法。分析结果表明,改进算法可以有效解决GALT计算产生的死锁问题。