以新发展理念引领高校专业基础课教学改革

以“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”为内核的新发展理念，是对马克思主义发展理念的继承和发扬，极具时代精神，富含问题意识，为高校思想政治教育发展、教育教学改革实践提供了强大的理论支撑。本文以“通信原理”为例，阐述了新发展理念在课程改革中的思路和方法，实现了思想政治教育与专业基础课程有机融合，为深化高校教学改革、创新人才培养模式提供了思路。     

伪标签置信选择的半监督集成学习视频语义检测

在视频语义检测中，有标记样本不足会严重影响检测的性能，而且伪标签样本中的噪声也会导致集成学习基分类器性能提升不足。为此，提出一种伪标签置信选择的半监督集成学习算法。首先，在三个不同的特征空间上训练出三个基分类器，得到基分类器的标签矢量；然后，引入加权融合样本所属某个类别的最大概率与次大概率的误差和样本所属某个类别的最大概率与样本所属其他各类别的平均概率的误差，作为基分类器的标签置信度，并融合标签矢量和标签置信度得到样本的伪标签和集成置信度；接着，选择集成置信度高的样本加入到有标签的样本集，迭代训练基分类器；最后，采用训练好的基分类器集成协作检测视频语义概念。该算法在实验数据集UCF11上的平均准确率到达了83.48%，与Co-KNN-SVM算法相比，平均准确率提高了3.48个百分点。该算法选择的伪标签能体现样本所属类别与其他类别的总体差异性，又能体现所属类别的唯一性，可减少利用伪标签样本的风险，有效提高视频语义概念检测的准确率。     

Integrated rough VIKOR for customer-involved design concept evaluation combining with customers’ preferences and designers’ perceptions

Customer-involved design concept evaluation (DCE) allows customers to take part in evaluating the design alternatives to get more popular design concept. Traditional customer-involved DCE methods still focus on the collection of customer responses and only consider cost and benefit characteristics of design criteria in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based evaluation process. Few studies have customized the decision-making algorithms specifically aimed at customers’ preferences. This paper further explores the customers’ influences in the early stages of the product design development, and proposes a new rough number based MCDM model (i.e., VIKOR) incorporating customers’ preferences for design specifications along with designers’ perceptions for the characteristics of design criteria (cost and benefit) to perform concept evaluation under subjective environment, and this proposed method is named as integrated rough VIKOR (IR-VIKOR). The objective of this study is to identify the best design concept which maximizes the satisfactions of expectations from most customers as well as conforms to the characteristics of design criteria. Firstly, Shannon entropy is used to obtain the weightings and relative importance ratings of design criteria from the customers’ preferences. Secondly, the customers’ preferences for design attribute values, the importance ratings of design criteria and the characteristics of design criteria are combined together to define the ideal solutions to calculate the rough evaluation index of each design alternative in IR-VIKOR, and finally the ranking result is provided by IR-VIKOR to determine the best design concept. A practical design example is introduced to illustrate the evaluation process of this proposed method, and the empirical comparisons are further carried out to validate its superiority for DCE. Through the sensitivity analysis experiments including i) inside IR-VIKOR, and ii) between IR-VIKOR and other classical MCDM methods, the proposed method is proved to be a reliable and feasible customer-involved DCE approach.     

What is a crystal to the new chemical crystallographer,after that first,automated structure analysis?

This educational review postulates the importance of maintaining an adequate level of crystallographic education among structure-dependent scientists whose interests are not primarily in crystallography, at a time when automation and validation have made it possible to obtain high-quality structure analyses in many cases with a minimum of crystallographic background. The topics addressed are intended to form a second round of crystallographic education for a novice user whose first round involved hands-on experience with structure solution and an introduction to elementary concepts. The specific topics, chosen for their relevance as basic knowledge and their lack of emphasis in many formal treatments, are (1) crystallographic reference frames and the utility of the reciprocal cell in geometrical calculations; (2) the relationship between the two concepts that constitute our model of the crystal, namely the unit cell and the lattice; (3) the manner in which an atom is represented in concept and in practice; (4) the importance of interleaved symmetry elements required by the presence of additional symmetry on a lattice; (5) the harnessing of the natural properties of the crystalline state for the potential manipulation of properties of synthetic crystals; and (6) useful terminology for navigating a crystal structure.     

Compressive behavior and energy absorption of polymeric lattice structures made by additive manufacturing

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - Lattice structures have numerous outstanding characteristics, such as light weight, high strength, excellent shock resistance, and highly efficient heat...     

Influence of Y2O3 on the microstructure and tribological properties of Ti-based wear-resistant laser-clad layers on TC4 alloy

Multi-track Ti-based wear-resistant composite coatings were fabricated on TC4 alloy surfaces using laser-clad TC4 + Ni45 + Co–WC mixed powders with different Y₂O₃ contents (0, 1, and 3 wt%). The microstructure, microhardness, and tribological properties of the coatings were characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, electron probe X-ray micro analyser, microhardness tester, and friction and wear testing apparatus. The results showed that the number of cracks on the coating surfaces gradually decreased with the addition of Y₂O₃ and that residual Co–WC powders existed in the coating subsurfaces. The phase composition of the coatings with different Y₂O₃ contents remained unchanged and was mainly composed of reinforcing phases of TiC, TiB₂, Ti₂Ni, and matrix α-Ti. With the addition of Y₂O₃, the coating microstructure was remarkably refined, the direction characteristic of the TiC dendrites obviously weakened, and the nucleation rate significantly increased. When the added Y₂O₃ was 3 wt%, a large amount of TiB₂–TiC-dependent growth composite phases precipitated in the coating. The two-dimensional lattice misfit between (0001)_TiB2 and (111)_TiC was 0.912%, which indicated that TiB₂ and TiC formed a coherent interface. When the amount of Y₂O₃ was increased, the microhardness of the coatings gradually decreased, and the wear volume of the coatings first increased and then decreased. Under the effect of the TiB₂–TiC composite phases, the wear resistance of the 3 wt% Y₂O₃ coating was optimal. The 3 wt% Y₂O₃ coating friction coefficient was the lowest, and the wear mechanism was abrasive wear.     

In-vitro and in-vivo comparison of T-OA microemulsions and solid dispersions based on EPDC

The goal of this study was to enhance the absorption of a new water-insoluble antitumor lead compound, T-OA (3β-hydroxyolea-12-en-28-oic acid-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazin-2-methyl ester). Early-stage preparation discovery concept (EPDC) was employed in this study. Based on this concept, a microemulsion system was chosen as the method of improving bioavailability. The solubility of T-OA was checked in different oils, surfactants and cosurfactants. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the microemulsion domain. Developed high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine drug content. The transparent o/w microemulsion formulation composed of oleic acid (oil), Tween 80 (surfactant), ethanol (co-surfactant) and water enhanced the solubility of T-OA up to 20?mg/mL. It was characterized in terms of appearance, content, viscosity, zeta potential, conductivity, morphology and particle size. The particle size distribution, viscosity, conductivity and zeta potential were found to be 70?nm, 15.57?MPa?s, 44.1?μS?cm^?1 and ?0.174, respectively. Oral bioavailability of T-OA microemulsion and oleic acid solution were checked by using rat model. Contrast to the solid dispersion and proto drug, the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of T-OA microemulsion and oleic acid solution were significantly enhanced. The relative bioavailability of T-OA microemulsion was found to be 5654.7%, which is 57-fold higher than the pure drug. Improved T-OA solubility in microemulsion was found sustained 48?h in dilution study. While the solid dispersion may precipitate under the gastrointestinal circumstance based on dilution results. The in-vivo and in-vitro results indicated that, compare to improve the solubility, it is more important to maintain and prolong the T-OA dissolved status, for improvement of the in-vivo absorption.     

Similarities and differences between male and female novice designers on color‐concept associations for warnings,action required,and signs and equipment status messages

This research examined the male and female novice designers toward color associations for the concepts used for ‘warnings’, ‘action required’, and ‘signs and equipment status’ through a questionnaire‐based study. A total of 178 Hong Kong Chinese final year undergraduate design students (89 males and 89 females) participated in the study. The test used required the participants to indicate their choice of one of nine colors to associations with each of 38 concepts in a color‐concept table, so that any one color could be associated with any one of the concepts. For both male and female groups of novice designers, chi‐square tests revealed a strong color association for each concept tested in this study (P < .05). The results showed males and females agreed on some color‐concept association stereotypes which were therefore gender neutral. The male and female novice designers had the same color associations and similar levels of stereotype strengths for 21 concepts. The nine strongest and therefore most useful color‐concept association stereotypes for both male and female novice designers were: red‐danger, red‐fire, red‐hot, red‐stop, red‐emergency, red‐error, blue‐cold, blue‐male, and green‐exit. However, the male and female novice designers had different color association stereotypes for the standby (green vs. yellow), emergency exit (green vs. red), and toxic (purple vs. black) concepts, and the strengths of the 14 remaining associations for both groups were not at equivalent levels. Overall, it is anticipated that the findings of this study will act as a useful reference for novice designers and other design practitioners to optimize color coding in the design of ‘warnings’, ‘action required’, and ‘signs and equipment status’ messages.